Science Flashcards
1
Q
What is an element?
A
A substance made of only one type of atom
2
Q
What is a compound?
A
They are different atoms that are chemically bonded
3
Q
What does something being pure mean?
A
It means something that is made of one substance
4
Q
What does something being impure mean?
A
It means when something is mixed with other atoms ,elements and compounds
5
Q
Give some examples of mixtures?
A
-Rocks
-Squash
-Milk
-Sea water
6
Q
What does something being a mixture?
A
Something that contains more than one substance that is not chemically bonded
7
Q
What is a compound ?
A
Two or more atoms chemically bonded
8
Q
What are the three states of matter?
A
Solid , Liquid and Gas
9
Q
What does something insoluble mean ?
A
Something that cannot dissolve
10
Q
What is a solute ?
A
A solid that can be dissolved
11
Q
What is a solvent?
A
A liquid
12
Q
What mixtures can be separated via filtration ?
A
Sand water, Rocks and water and finally orange pulp
13
Q
What is a solution ?
A
When a solid has dissolved into a liquid
14
Q
Name the start and end states for evaporation
A
Liquid -> Gas
15
Q
Name the change of state when a gas becomes a liquid
A
Condensation
16
Q
What is evaporation used to separate?
A
To separate a solid from a liquid
17
Q
What is distillation used to separate?
A
To separate a mixture of solution with different boiling points
18
Q
What three things can forces do to a moving object ?
A
Push , Pull , Twist
19
Q
What effect does air resistance have on a falling object?
A
It slows objects down
20
Q
What is chromatography ?
A
It is used to separate mixture of dyes
21
Q
What two states of matter do particles touch their neighbours ?
A
Solid and Liquid
22
Q
What unit is mass measured in ?
A
KG , G
23
Q
What is mass ?
A
It measures how much stuff is in something
24
Q
What is volume ?
A
How much space a solid has in it
25
What is density ?
How much space an object or substance takes up (its volume) in relation to the amount of matter in that object or substance (its mass)
26
What is the equation for density ?
g /cm cubed
27
What is the pH of an acidic solution less than?
7
28
What are the chemical properties of metals?
->React with oxygen to form a metal oxide
-> It dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution
29
What are the chemical properties of non -metals?
->React with oxygen to form a non - metal oxide
->It dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution
30
Name the vertical columns in the periodic table
Groups
31
Name the horizontal rows in the periodic table
Periods
32
Do metals or non-metals have a higher boiling points ?
Metal
33
What does unreactive mean?
They do not react with any solvents
34
What is a non - contact force ?
A force that does not need contact
35
What do opposite charges do ?
They attract
36
What do like charges do ?
They repel
37
What is a field ?
An area where a force is experienced
38
What is the smallest unit of matter ?
An atom
39
Name two charged subatomic particles
Proton and electrons
40
Why do atoms have no overall charge ?
Their field protects them
41
Name three components found in circuits
Switch , Cell and Metre
42
What is a current?
A flow of charge
43
What is this --M-- ?
A motor
44
Give the units of currents
amps(A)
45
What is this --A--?
An ammeter
46
What is theory?
A description of how a system will behave
47
What is a model ?
A visual representation of a complicated concept
48
Name a circuit component you need for current to flow ?
Cell
49
The unit for resistance
Ohms ,Ω
49
What is a resistance ?
The force of repulsion
50
Define conductor of electric current ?
Where electrons can flow through
51
Define insulator of electric current?
Where electrons are stopped from passing through
52
The equation to find resistance
Voltage / Current
53
The equation to find weight
Mass x Gravitational field strength
54
What is a parallel circuit ?
Where the wires are parallel to onen2 ef another
55
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen, Chlorine
56
Lithium fluoride
Lithium , Fluorine
57
What is a combustion reaction?
When a fuel reacts with oxygen to make carbon dioxide and water
58
What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?
They are re-arranged
59
What is a ratio?
It shows how much of one thing there is compared to the other
60
What is Mass ?
The amount of matter in an object
61
What is the law of conservation of mass ?
The product is always equal to the mass of reactants
62
The word equation for respiration
Glucose +Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide+ Water
63
What type of reaction transfers energy to the surroundings?
Exothermic reaction
64
What type of reaction transfers energy from the surroundings?
Endothermic reaction
65
How to separate food colourings?
Chromatography
66
How to separate insoluble fibre powder and water?
Filtration
67
How to separate water and sugar?
Evaporation
68
Where are metals found in the periodic table ?
The left side
69
Is salt a compound or a mixture?
A compound
70
What side of periodic table are metals found in?
The left side
71
What are some physical properties of metals ?
-Malleable
-Ductile
- Good conductors of heat and electricity
-Shiny
- Tough and strong
72
What are some physical properties of non-metals ?
-Brittle
-Bad conductors of heat and electricity
-Dull
-Weak
73
Do Metals or Non-metals react more vigorously with acids?
Metals that are high up in the reactivity series, such as potassium, sodium, and calcium, react vigorously with acids
74
Magnesium + Oxygen
Magnesium Oxide
75
Calcium + Oxygen
Calcium Oxide
76
Iron + Oxygen
Iron Oxide
77
How does magnesium react with dilute acid?
Very vigorously
78
How does zinc react with dilute acid?
It reacts steadily
79
How does Iron react with dilute acid?
It reacts steadily
80
How does lead react with dilute acid?
It reacts slowly
81
How does copper react with dilute acid?
No reaction
82
How does Gold react with dilute acid?
No reaction
83
How does magnesium react with oxygen?
Burns vigorously
84
How does zinc react with oxygen?
Burns less vigorously
85
How does iron react with oxygen?
Burns
86
How does lead react with oxygen?
Does not burn but forms a layer of oxide on surface
87
How does copper react with oxygen?
Does not burn but forms a layer of oxide on surface
88
How does Gold react with oxygen?
No reaction
89
What is the unit of energy?
Joules , J
90
Name some energy stores ?
-Nuclear
-Kinetic
-Chemical
-Elastic
-Thermal
-Magnetic
-Gravitational store
91
What is kinetic energy ?
Energy of motion
92
What is the unit energy ?
Joules
93
What is the unit of temperature ?
C
94
What is the average kinetic energy/speed of the particles?
Temperature
95
What is thermal equilibrium?
When two object are at the same temperature
96
What is the amount of stuff in a substance called ?
It is Mass
97
What is something that requires different amount of energy to heat them?
Materials
98
What is the energy equation ?
Energy = Mass x Specific heat capacity x temperature increase
99
Describe what happens to the particles in a liquid when it is heated
The particles heated makes them energised and the move faster
100
Describe insulators in terms of electrical circuits
When the electrical current can't move freely though a wire
101
What tiny subatomic particles can move freely in a metal wire ?
These are called electrons
102
What is convection?
Convection is the process of transferring heat through air or liquid currents
103
What is conduction?
The transfer of energy, such as heat or an electric charge, through a substance.
104
What is the frequency of a wave ?
The frequency of a wave is the number of waves produced by a source each second.
105
These types of waves can be dangerous. Used in sun tan beds and to kill bacteria in water
UV rays
106
These allow us to see
Visible light
107
These waves are used to kill cancer cells
Radiation waves
108
Used for cooking and satellite communication
Gamm rays
109
What is a random error?
An unexpected change that affects your results
110
What is a systematic error ?
Something that consistently affects your results
111
How can you measure a force
A newton metre
112
What is the law of conservation of energy ?
Energy can't be created or destroyed
113
What is the equation of work?
Force X Distance
114
What is the equation of power ?
Energy/Time
115
What is a consumer?
An organism that consumes other organisms
116
What is the first type of organism found in a food chain?
Producers
117
What does the arrow represent in a food chain?
Energy being transferred
118
Independent variable
It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the other variables you are trying to measure.
119
Dependent variable
A dependent variable is what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment.
120
Controlled variable
A control variable is anything that is held constant in a study to prevent it from interfering with the results
121
Which element is a shiny, orange-brown element that is an excellent conductor of electricity?
Copper
122
Which element is a brittle, yellow element that is used to make fertilisers?
Sulfur
123
Which element is a shiny but brittle element that is used in fibre optic cables?
Germanium
124
Vertical columns in a periodic table
Columns
125
Horizontal columns in a periodic table
Rows
126
