History Flashcards
What is Renaissance?
The renaissance is the rebirth of ideas
Between when did the renaissance happen?
14th and 16th centuries
What where some ideas that where affected by the renaissance ?
-The map of the word
-How the foetus looked
-The printing press
-How the planets where ordered
Where did the renaissance begin?
Northern and Central Italy
What happened to the printing press during the renaissance?
The idea of a printing press and the method were imported through traders from China allowing multiple copies of books to be produced quickly & cheaply in Europe for the first time. One of the first books reprinted was the bible.
What happened to astronomy during the renaissance?
Scientists developed increasingly thorough methods which included studying the stars and the sky. They challenged religious beliefs that the earth was at the centre of the universe & instead suggested the earth orbited the sun, in an imperfect spherical pattern.
What did Leonardo Da Vinci do during the renaissance?
An influential artists, mathematician and scientist. He is a typical example of a tradesman who was paid money by wealthy families to produce great works of realistic art and was inspired by previous work.
What did the renaissance era art do ?
There was a great expansion in the amount of art produced. Some of the art was inspired by previous works, such as architecture & sculptures which took a Roman or Greek style. However there were new materials allowing for more complicated paintings and a shift in focus to the real world & lives of the people, away from a strong focus on religion.
What did Medicine do during the renaissance?
Breaking with traditional religious restrictions, new scientists started to develop new tools, which helped them to begin to examine human bodies (which the church had banned) which led to new medical discoveries.
What did education do during the renaissance?
There was a significant expansion in the number of students entering education. Those that would already have been schooled saw a study of the works of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. There was an expansion in the teaching of different subjects such as history & art rather than practical subjects.
What is the meaning of vellum?
Paper made from animal skin
What is the meaning of movable type ?
When using metal letters to print pages
What is the meaning of censorship?
Controlling access to information
How did the printing press help the renaissance?
It helped spread new ideas around the world
When did Johannes Gutenberg and his partners sign an agreement to improve printing techniques ?
1948
Which architect created St Pauls cathedral during the Renaissance?
Sir Christopher Wren
Which Renaissance scientist proposed the heliocentric theory?
Nicolaus Copernicus
Who created the movable type, a new form of printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg
Name some forms of corruption which damaged the reputation of the Medieval Catholic Church.
The breaking of the celibacy
Who made the rule of the Celibacy?
Pope Benedict VIII
When was the rule of celibacy made?
1018
What is indulgence?
An indulgence is the full or partial remission of temporal punishment for sins after the sinner confesses and receives absolution
What branch of Christianity did Martin Luther create?
The protestant reformation
Which English King started the “Break with Rome”?
King Henry VIII
Which Tudor monarch did “Foxes book of Martyrs” criticise?
Queen Mary
What is an “Armada”?
1588 by Philip II of Spain. It was defeated by the English fleet and almost completely destroyed by storms off the Hebrides.
What was Ship Money?
A nonparliamentary tax first levied in medieval times by the English crown on coastal cities and counties for naval defense in time of war.
In what year was Charles I executed?
30 January 1649
What was the social contract ?
People live together in society in accordance with an agreement that establishes moral and political rules of behaviour.
Name the rights laid out in the “Rights of Man”
-liberty
-property
-security
-resistance to oppression
When was the rights of man made?
1789
What does nationalism mean?
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state
What was a crown colony?
A British colony in which the crown has the entire control of legislation and administration
Explain one way that Renaissance thinking challenged the Church. And give an example
The challenge to the Catholic Church was that some Renaissance thinkers challenged the Church’s monopoly on explaining how the world worked. Think of Galileo with his telescope, for instance, and his resulting house arrest by the Church.
Explain one reason why British explorers chose to colonise Nigeria in the 19th century.
-Goods
-Power
-Religion
-Land
-Racism
Latin meaning
The language of ancient Rome , the Church & education.
Perspective meaning
using angles to create lifelike art
Reformation meaning
Creation of the protestant faith
Controversial meaning
Issue likely to cause argument
Scientific method
Determining fact through experiment
Corruption
dishonest, illegal or immoral behaviour
Indulgence
pardons sold by the church to get to heaven
Celibacy
Catholic priests were banned from having sex
What did the oath of supremacy state
This oath stated that Henry was the Supreme Head of the Church of England. Those who refused to swear were tried for treason and executed.
Mass
The main act of Catholic worship
Book of common prayer
first authorised version of the Bible in English
Wars of three kingdoms
The conflicts that occurred within and between England, Scotland and Ireland between 1639 & 1653
plantation
Communities of protestants in Ireland
Foxes book of martyrs
Protestant propaganda that shows Mary as intolerant
Settlement
Peace treaty
Anglo- Spanish rivalry
Communities of protestants in Ireland
Privateer
A pirate funded by the government
Stuart dynasty
Rulers of England between 1603 & 1714
Republic
A government elected by its citizens
Estates General
French parliament
Citizen
A person who lives in a republic
Evolution
The process by which kinds of living organisms develop from earlier forms
Colony
A country owned by another
What is an empire ?
An empire is a political unit made up of several territories
