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science Flashcards

1
Q

what are nutrients?

A

molecules in food that provide the body with energy and materials essential for growth and development

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2
Q

bodys main source of energy

A

carbohydrates

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3
Q

building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

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4
Q

molecule made out of amino acids

A

proteins

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5
Q

what are the 10 amino acids

A

arginine, histidine, methionine, tryptophan, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, lysine, and isoleucine

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6
Q

whats deficiency

A

inability of certain enzymes or hormones to be synthesized

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7
Q

foods that are rich in protein

A

meat, fish, egg, milk, seeds, and nuts

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8
Q

children whose diets are deficient in proteins may develop a disease called?

A

kwashiorkor

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9
Q

the recomended daily amount of protein for an average adult

A

0.36 grams or 50 to 100 grams per day

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10
Q

children that has kwashiorkor develop a

A

swollen abdomens and scaly, cracked skin, delay brain development and decrease cognitive function

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11
Q

also another energy providing foods

A

fats

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12
Q

helps reatain body tempt and cushion internal organs

A

fats

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13
Q

too much fat

A

atherosclerosis

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14
Q

this can be stored in the fats of the body

A

fat - soluble vitamins

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15
Q

complex organic molecules needed in small amounts and cannot be manufactured by the human body

A

vitamins

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16
Q

cannot be stored in the body and must be obtained by eating vitamin-rich foods

A

water - soluble vitamins

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16
Q

foods rich in vitamins

A

fruits, vegetable (green and yellow), grains,meat

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17
Q

fat soluble vitamis

A

A, D, E, K

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18
Q

foods rich in fats

A

butter, cheese, fatty meat, nuts, fish liver

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19
Q

inorganic substances that do not provide energy but are important for different body functins

A

minerals

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20
Q

minerals

A

calcium, sodium, chlorine, phosphorus, potassium, iron

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21
Q

humans and mammals are made up of about how many percent of water?

A

70% water

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22
Q

how many liters do a normal adult should drink every day

A

3 liters

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23
Q

the ____ breaks down food into simpler nutrients that can be absorbed by the body

A

the digestive system

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24
Q

consumption of food from these sources and the processes that convert food substances into living matter known as _____

A

nutrition

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25
Q

mode of feeding found in animals is known as ______

A

holozoic nutrition

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26
Q

intake of food

A

ingestion

27
Q

broken down into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body cell

A

digestion

28
Q

transport and use of absorbed nutrients

A

assimilation

29
Q

food materials are absorbed by the body cells

A

absorption

30
Q

removal of undigested material out

A

ELIMINATION

31
Q

food is broken down into nutrients through a process called ____

A

digestion

32
Q

this is where solid food is broken down into small pieces by the chewing action of teeth

A

mouth

33
Q

common passage for food and air

A

pharynx

34
Q

to carry what is eaten

A

esophagus

35
Q

two layers of muscles cause ryhtmic wavelike contractions of the wall of the gut

A

peristalsis

36
Q

j shaped organ/ churn the food into sloppy soup

A

stomach

37
Q

dilute solution of hydrochloric acid and pepsin

A

gastric juice

38
Q

an active enzyme secreted by the cells of the gasrtic glands

A

pepsin

39
Q

acidic liquid mixture

A

chyme

40
Q

the stomach is connected to the small intestine by a muscular valve called ____

A

pyloric sphincter

41
Q

process by which digested food materials are absorbed by the cells

A

food absoprtion

42
Q

3 parts of the small intestines

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

43
Q

tiny fingerlike structures

A

villi

44
Q

undigested food leaves the small intestine and enters the _______

A

large intestine

45
Q

what are the alimentary canal or digestive tract

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pharynx, anus

46
Q

accessory organs

A

pancreas, liver, gallblader, salivary glands, teeth and tongue

47
Q

excess fat is stored in special tissues called

A

adipose tissues

48
Q

second largest organ and the largest gland in the human body

A

liver

49
Q

a greenish yellow alkaline liquid containing bile salts and bile pigments

A

bile

50
Q

where is the bile stored, where is it attached

A

a greenish yellow bag attached to the liver called esophagus

51
Q

control of the blood sugar level in the body and in the utilization of carbohydrates

A

insulin

52
Q

development of diseases of the digestive system known as

A

gastrointestinal disease

53
Q

occurs when the lining of the large intestine cannot maintain the usual level of water absorption

A

diarrhea

54
Q

how can you prevent diarrhea

A

proper handwashing

55
Q

stool moves too slowly in the colon, this happens when the colon reabsorbs too much water

A

constipation

56
Q

inflammation of the liver caused by excessive consumption of alcohol or by a vital infection

A

hepatitis

57
Q

caused by the hepatitis virus HAV and is contracted through exposure to water or food contaminated with fecal matter

A

Hepatitis A / infectious hepatitis

58
Q

caused by the hepatitis b virus HBV and is tranmitted through transfusions of contaminated blood, sharing of contaminated needles or sexual contact with an infected individual

A

Hepatitis b or serum hepatitis

59
Q

hepatitis can be prevented through what

A

vaccination

60
Q

these are cyrstals formed when there is too much cholesterol, blie slates, and calcium in the gallbladder

A

gallstones

61
Q

how can you get rid of gallstones

A

dissolution therapy(medecines are used), and surgical removal of gallstone are next option

62
Q

inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

63
Q

you can remove appendicitis
by

A

surgical removal of the appendicitis

64
Q

these are open sores found in the esophagus (esophageal ulcer), stomach (gastric ulcer), and duodenum of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer)

A

peptic ulcer

65
Q

this is also known as piles, occur when rectal veins become inflamed and enlarged as a result of straining to eliminate hard stool

A

hemorrhoids

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