science Flashcards
what are nutrients?
molecules in food that provide the body with energy and materials essential for growth and development
bodys main source of energy
carbohydrates
building blocks of proteins
amino acids
molecule made out of amino acids
proteins
what are the 10 amino acids
arginine, histidine, methionine, tryptophan, leucine, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, lysine, and isoleucine
whats deficiency
inability of certain enzymes or hormones to be synthesized
foods that are rich in protein
meat, fish, egg, milk, seeds, and nuts
children whose diets are deficient in proteins may develop a disease called?
kwashiorkor
the recomended daily amount of protein for an average adult
0.36 grams or 50 to 100 grams per day
children that has kwashiorkor develop a
swollen abdomens and scaly, cracked skin, delay brain development and decrease cognitive function
also another energy providing foods
fats
helps reatain body tempt and cushion internal organs
fats
too much fat
atherosclerosis
this can be stored in the fats of the body
fat - soluble vitamins
complex organic molecules needed in small amounts and cannot be manufactured by the human body
vitamins
cannot be stored in the body and must be obtained by eating vitamin-rich foods
water - soluble vitamins
foods rich in vitamins
fruits, vegetable (green and yellow), grains,meat
fat soluble vitamis
A, D, E, K
foods rich in fats
butter, cheese, fatty meat, nuts, fish liver
inorganic substances that do not provide energy but are important for different body functins
minerals
minerals
calcium, sodium, chlorine, phosphorus, potassium, iron
humans and mammals are made up of about how many percent of water?
70% water
how many liters do a normal adult should drink every day
3 liters
the ____ breaks down food into simpler nutrients that can be absorbed by the body
the digestive system
consumption of food from these sources and the processes that convert food substances into living matter known as _____
nutrition
mode of feeding found in animals is known as ______
holozoic nutrition
intake of food
ingestion
broken down into simpler molecules that can be absorbed by the body cell
digestion
transport and use of absorbed nutrients
assimilation
food materials are absorbed by the body cells
absorption
removal of undigested material out
ELIMINATION
food is broken down into nutrients through a process called ____
digestion
this is where solid food is broken down into small pieces by the chewing action of teeth
mouth
common passage for food and air
pharynx
to carry what is eaten
esophagus
two layers of muscles cause ryhtmic wavelike contractions of the wall of the gut
peristalsis
j shaped organ/ churn the food into sloppy soup
stomach
dilute solution of hydrochloric acid and pepsin
gastric juice
an active enzyme secreted by the cells of the gasrtic glands
pepsin
acidic liquid mixture
chyme
the stomach is connected to the small intestine by a muscular valve called ____
pyloric sphincter
process by which digested food materials are absorbed by the cells
food absoprtion
3 parts of the small intestines
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
tiny fingerlike structures
villi
undigested food leaves the small intestine and enters the _______
large intestine
what are the alimentary canal or digestive tract
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pharynx, anus
accessory organs
pancreas, liver, gallblader, salivary glands, teeth and tongue
excess fat is stored in special tissues called
adipose tissues
second largest organ and the largest gland in the human body
liver
a greenish yellow alkaline liquid containing bile salts and bile pigments
bile
where is the bile stored, where is it attached
a greenish yellow bag attached to the liver called esophagus
control of the blood sugar level in the body and in the utilization of carbohydrates
insulin
development of diseases of the digestive system known as
gastrointestinal disease
occurs when the lining of the large intestine cannot maintain the usual level of water absorption
diarrhea
how can you prevent diarrhea
proper handwashing
stool moves too slowly in the colon, this happens when the colon reabsorbs too much water
constipation
inflammation of the liver caused by excessive consumption of alcohol or by a vital infection
hepatitis
caused by the hepatitis virus HAV and is contracted through exposure to water or food contaminated with fecal matter
Hepatitis A / infectious hepatitis
caused by the hepatitis b virus HBV and is tranmitted through transfusions of contaminated blood, sharing of contaminated needles or sexual contact with an infected individual
Hepatitis b or serum hepatitis
hepatitis can be prevented through what
vaccination
these are cyrstals formed when there is too much cholesterol, blie slates, and calcium in the gallbladder
gallstones
how can you get rid of gallstones
dissolution therapy(medecines are used), and surgical removal of gallstone are next option
inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
you can remove appendicitis
by
surgical removal of the appendicitis
these are open sores found in the esophagus (esophageal ulcer), stomach (gastric ulcer), and duodenum of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer)
peptic ulcer
this is also known as piles, occur when rectal veins become inflamed and enlarged as a result of straining to eliminate hard stool
hemorrhoids
