science Flashcards
volcano comes from the Italian word vulcano, which means?
burning mountain
latin word Vulcan means?
Roman God of Fire
magma passes through from the magma chamber to the earths surface
main vent
large reservoir that stores molten rocks
magma chamber
bowl shaped depression produced by the volcanic activity
crater
steam of molten rock flowing out of the crater
lava flow
alternative smaller outlet where magma escapes to reach earths surface
secondary vent
formed when lava and ashes escape rom smaller vents
secondary cone
formed when thick volcanic ashes are discharged into the atmosphere caused by violent explosion
ash cloud
mixture of rocks, minerals, and glass particles
ash
types of volcanoes according to shapes
- cinder cone
- shield
- composite
4.lava dome
are formed from pyroclastic fragments and volcanic ashes that form and solidify around the majn vent to form a cone
cinder cone
typically symmetrical cones that are steep and may rise as high as 2 400 meters
composite
are formed from non acidic basaltic lava flows of high viscosity producing broad sloping sides and shield like structures
shield
types of volcanoes according to eruptive history
- active
2.dormant
3.extinct
these volcanoes have erupted during historical times within the last 600 years
active
these volcanes are active but not erupting
dormant
these volcanoes have not had any eruption in the past 10 000 years
extinct
phases of a volcano
preparation phrase, eruption phrase, eruption phrase
an increase in seismic activity and steam or smoke coming out
preparation phrase
the pressure will start to build up inside the magma chamber and the energy starts to increase
eruption phrase
the magma chamber is now empty, which may trigger the walls of the conduit to weaken
ending phrase
types of volcanic eruptions
1.effusice eruption
2.explosive eruption
3.hawaiian
4.strombolian
5.vulcanian
6.plinian
7.phreatic
8.phreatomagmatic
invlove the outpouring of basaltic magma that is relatively low in viscosity and low in gas content
effusive eruption
involve magma of high viscosity and high gas content
explosive eruption
fluid basaltic lava is thrown into the air, creating a lava fountain
hawaiian
there is a burst of glowing lava due to the bursting of gas bubbles
strombolian
the eruption is short, explosive, and violent
vulcanian
is the most violent among all the volcanic eruptions
plinian
is a steam driven explosion
phreatic
involves the eruption of magma that reacts to external water
involves the eruption of magma that reacts to external water
materials extruded during eruptions
lava,tephra
pyroclastic materials
volcanic bombs, volcanic ash, lapilli, volcanic blocks
refers to day by day atmospheric conditions
weather
the average weather condition prevailing in a given area
climate
the distance from the equator
latitude
refer to the wind direction a particular area or region
prevailing winds
these are dry, cold winds
polar eastelies
these are winds that blow from west going east
westerlies
are subtropical latitudes found between 30 and 35
horse latitude
winds that blow from east to west near the equator
trade winds
happen near the equator with light ocean currents and winds
doldrum
elevated or higher places are found to have colder temparature
altitude
oceans and sea heat up and cool down longer than land
distance from the sea
knows for his climate classification
wladimir peter koppen
are found near the equator
tropical climate
very hot summer with seldom rains
dry climate
characterized by moderate rainfall
temperate climate
include variations of temparature year round
continental climate
characterized by cool summers and very cold long winters
polar climate
there are two pronounced seasons: dry from the months of november to april and wet during the rest of the year
type I
there is no dry season with very pronounced rainfall from november up to april and wet rest of the year
type II
seasons are not very pronounced it is relatively dry from november to april and then wet for the rest of the year
type III
rainfall is more likely to be evenly distributed
type IV
seasonal shift in the direction of the prevailing winds of a region
monsoon
northwest monsoon
amihan
southwest monsoon
habagat
refers to the gradual increase of the overall temperature
global warming
(ENSO) significant climate phenomena because of its ablity to alter
El Nino southern oscillation
means little boy in spanish
el nino
means little girl in spanish
la nina
rapid rotating storm formed over tropical oceans
tropical cyclones
tropical cyclones that forms over tropical waters
hurricane
mature tropical cyclone
typhoon
(PSWS)
public storm warming system
provides us heat and light
sun
characteristics of stars
mass, size \, color, brightness, surface temperature
radius of the sun usually basis for other stars
size
use to describe the mass of a star
mass
color of the star is related to its temparature
color
expressed in terms of luminosity and magnitude
brightness
it will heat up and form a?
protostar
star patterns wich form mythlogical characters
constellation
prominent pattern or group of stars
asterism
five constellations
ursa major, ursa minor, cassiopeia, draco, cephus
to show the apprent positions of stars
star map
known as the great bear
ursa major
known as the hunter
orion
king of ethiopia
cephus
known as the lion
leo
princess of ethiopia
adnromeda
known as big dog
canis major
queen of ethiopia
cassiopeia
instrument used to observe distant objects
telescope
an integrated circuit that stores and displays images
charged couples device
early device use to represent the great circles of heavens
armillary sphere
telescope places outside the earth
space telescope
