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Y8 T1 > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process that plants and algae turn water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen,using light energy

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2
Q

Biomass

A

The material that is made of living cells and tissues

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3
Q

Chlorophyll

A

The green pigment in leaves that captures energy from light

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4
Q

Waxy layer

A

The layer that stops the leaf from drying out

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5
Q

Upper and lower epidermis

A

Protects the cells inside the leaf

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6
Q

Palisade layer

A

Contains cells that do most of the photosynthesis process

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7
Q

Spongy layer

A

Has a lot of air spaces that allow rapid diffusion of gases and does a small amount of photosynthesis

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8
Q

Stoma

A

Tiny holes in the lower epidermis that allow carbon dioxide from the aiir to get into the leaf

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9
Q

Veins

A

Carry water and food to the cells of the leaf

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10
Q

Root hairs

A

A root cell with a long extension and larger surface area that can absorb water and minerals quickly

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11
Q

Xylem vessels

A

Long, hollow tubes that carry water and minerals upwards from the root to the leaves

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12
Q

Phloem

A

Carry food, mainly sugars to the parts of the plant either upwards or downwards

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13
Q

What is the chemical formula for photosynthesis?

A

6CO² + 6H²O + light energy => C⁶H¹²O⁶ + 6O²

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14
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide + water + light energy => glucose + oxygen

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15
Q

How did the ‘ photosynthesis ‘ name came about?

A

Photo = light and synthesis = making so making with light = photosynthesis

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16
Q

The energy is passed from one organism to another in a _______ ________

A

Food chain

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17
Q

Name the parts of a leaf

A

Petiole, leaf blade, midrib, margin, veins, tip (apex)

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18
Q

How is the leaf adapted to photosynthesis?

A

The leaf stalk is attached to the leaf
Veins carry water to the cells
The leaf contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis
They are very thin so that sunlight can get into them

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19
Q

Name all the parts of the leaf inside

A

Waxy layer, upper and lower epidermis, palisade layer, spongy layer, stoma, veins

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20
Q

Why is chlorophyll essential for photosynthesis?

A

Because it absorbs light energy

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21
Q

How can we test if a leaf is photosynthesising?

A

By checking if it’s releasing oxygen

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22
Q

What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Light intensity, wave length, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, water supply, chlorophyll concentration, pollution

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23
Q

How does light intensity change the rate of photosynthesis?

A

The closer the source of light is the higher the rate of photosynthesis is and the farther it is the loser the rate of photosynthesis is

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24
Q

What are the functions of the root?

A

Absorb water and minerals
Anchor the plant firmly in the ground
Some plants store food in the roots
Sometimes the above ground parts get cut off and later grow again because of the roots

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25
What are the 2 types of roots?
Tap root and fibrous root
26
Why are some plant root swollen?
Because they are storing food in the roots
27
How do plants get what they need for photosynthesis?
Water from the soil Carbon dioxide through the stoma Light energy from the sun
28
Photosynthesis converts _______ energy to ________ energy
Light energy to chemical energy
29
Chlorophyll is in the _______________
Chloroplast
30
How do roots absorb minerals?
The minerals usually dissolve in the water, so when water is absorbed minerals are also absorbed
31
Describe the position of the xylem vessels in roots, stem and leaves
They are in a circle shape on the middle of the root They are on the side of the stem They are inside the veins in the leaves
32
What are the 7 types of nutrients?
Protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, fiber, water
33
What nutrients are macronutrients and micronutrients?
Macronutrients- protein, carbohydrates and fats Micronutrients- vitamins and minerals
34
Nutrients
Substances in food that the body uses for energy and to make cells for the body
35
Protein
Use for making new cells and important chemicals for the body E.g chicken, turkey,eggs,milk, yougurt
36
Carbohydrates
They are 2 types: Starch and sugar and they are used to provide energy E.g. Pasta, bread, brown rice, honey, sweets
37
Fat
Used to provide energy, makes new cell membranes and it can be stored in the body for insulation E.g. Butter, cheese, avocado, coconut oil, olive oil
38
Vitamins and minerals
They don't o not provide energy E.g. vitamin A, B, C, D, E, K Iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc
39
Fiber
They can't be digested because they are used to keep the digestion system moving smoothly E.g. beans, brown rice, apples, oranges, carrots
40
Water
It is sometimes considered a nutrient because 60% to 70% of our body is made up of water
41
How can we found out if a specific food has starch?
By testing it with iodine solution
42
How can we found out if a specific food has sugar?
By testing it with Benedict's solution
43
What colour does iodine solution turn when the food has or doesn't have starch?
Orange/brown = no starch while blue/black = starch
44
What colour does Benedict's solution turn when the food has or doesn't have sugar?
Blue = no sugar while brown = sugar
45
What solution is needed to be boiled before testing?
Benedict's solution
46
Balanced diet
A diet that provides the right amount of energy and a variety of nutrients
47
A nutritional deficiency disease
When a person doesn't eat enough of a specific nutrient
48
Why should we not eat alot of fat and carbs?
Because we would give our body more energy each day than we need which stores in the body as fat which can increase the risk of developing heart disease and diabetes
49
Why should we not eat too much fast food?
Because they often contain alot of fat and very few vitamins and minerals
50
Why should we eat plenty of fruits and vegetables?
They contain fibre and vitamins
51
How can we get scurvy?
By not eating enough vitamin C
52
Digestion
The breakdown of large food molecules into smaller ones so that they can be absorbed
53
What is haemoglobin?
Something in our body that helps us carry oxygen in the blood
54
What deficiency do we get when we don't eat enough vitamin D?
Rickets
55
Name 3 types of deficiency disease.
Scurvy, rickets, anaemia
56
Name 6 types of minerals.
Zinc, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium, sodium
57
Absorption
When the digestion food particles get moved from the alimentary canal into the blood/absorbed
58
Alimentary canal
The tube that food travels through, starting at the mouth and ending at the anus
59
How does the visking tubing experiment work?
We put starch and sugar in the tubing and put it in water the starch is going to stay in because it is large molecules while the sugar will leave it's small molecules which can leave through the hole in the visking tubing. It can be shown by iodine solution, if we put it in the water it will turn orange/brown because of sugar and it will be blue/black in the visking tubing because of starch.
60
Name all the parts in the digestive system
Mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, appendix, anus
61
Mouth
Chess the food into smaller pieces while the salvia starts the breaking down of starch into sugar
62
Oesophagus
Passes the food from the mouth to the stomach without changing
63
Stomach
Hydrochloride acid kill micro-organisms in the food while the stomach juices start the digestion of protein
64
Liver
Produces bile that is stored and in the gall bladder for the small intestine to help with fat digestion
65
Pancreas
Makes pancreatic enzymes for the small intestine to digest protein, carbs and fat
66
Small intestine
The pancreatic enzymes and bile is used here to digest protein, carbs and fat and is absorbed by the blood including water, vitamins and minerals
67
Large intestine
All the food that couldn't be digested passes through here (faeces) and water is absorbed here
68
What are the 4 types of teeth?
Incisors, canine, premolars and molars
69
Incisors
The front teeth with a sharp edge used for bitting off small pieces of food
70
Canine
Teeth that are a little more pointed than incisors, that are used to bit of small pieces of food
71
Premolars
They have broad surfaces and are used for grinding and crushing food
72
Molars
They are a little bigger than premolars and are also used for crushing and grinding food
73
Describe the parts of the tooth
Crown, root, enamel, dentine, pulp cavity, fibres, blood supply, gum, jawbone
74
Enamel
The covering for the tooth that contains calcium
75
Dentine
The layer containing living cells
76
Pulp cavity
Contains blood vessels and nerves
77
Fibres
Help to hold the tooth in the jawbone
78
How can we care for our tooth
By not drinking fizzy drinks or eating sugary food Clean your teeth after breakfast and before bed Using a toothpaste containing fluoride
79
Canine means _______
Dog tooth
80
Enzymes
Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without changing themselves
81
Nam 3 types of enzymes.
Amylase (starch to sugar), Protease (protein to amino acids), Lipase (fatty acids to glycerol)
82
Enzymes stop working at what degree?
0 degree and over 40 degrees
83
Enzymes work best at what temperature?
25-35 degrees
84
Speed
How fast something is moving
85
Distance
How far 2 things are
86
Time
How long something is or how long something takes
87
Light gates
2 detector strips that are used in a laboratory to calculate speed as they can measure less than a second intervals
88
What is the formula for speed?
Speed = Distance / time
89
What is the formula for distance?
Distance = speed x time
90
What is the formula for time?
Time = distance / speed
91
What does it mean when the space intervals increase?
It's speeding up
92
What does it mean when the space intervals decrease?
It's slowing down

Y8 T1 (5 decks)

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