Science Flashcards
What is the equation linking force, work done and distance?
Work done = force x distance
How do you calculate gravitational potential energy?
Mass x gravity x height
How do you calculate kinetic energy?
1/2 x mass x velocity squared
How do you calculate elastic potential energy?
1/2 x spring constant x extension squared
What is the standard unit for velocity?
Meters per second (m/s)
How do you calculate efficiency?
Useful energy / Total energy
What is the unit for power?
Watts (W)
What is the unit for energy?
Joules (J)
How does convection work?
In a fluid, the region closest to the heat source is heated so becomes less dense due to increased kinetic energy in the particles. Because of this, it rises, and the cooler regions above sink down and heat up while the warmer regions cool down, so the new warmer region rises up and repeat. This is called a convection current.
How does conduction work?
In solids, particles get heated up and vibrate. These vibrating particles collide with other particles and cause vibrations, and thus heating up, throughout the rest of the solid
How does radiation work?
Energy travels at the speed of light in the form of infrared waves. It can work in a vacuum since it doesn’t require particles.
What is a thermal insulator?
A poor thermal conductor
Which colour absorbs the most heat - black or white?
Black
What is temperature?
The measure of how hot or cold something is
What is heat?
The amount of thermal energy something has
