Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Yr 8, Term 3 > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Define Radiation.

A

Radiation is the process whereby energy travels via particles and/or waves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. Define light/radiant energy.
  2. Provide the symbol.
  3. Name the type of energy it is.
A
  1. Light/radiant energy is electromagnetic energy that travels via waves.
  2. (El)
  3. Kinetic energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is energy measured in?

A

Joules (J).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define potential energy.

A

Potential energy is energy stored “waiting” in an object due to its position or arrangement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the law of the conversation of energy?

A

Energy can be transformed and transferred, but not be created or destroyed (except in a nuclear reaction).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Approximately how many joules of kinetic energy would it take to lift 1L 1m high?

A

10 J.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define kinetic energy.

A

Kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to its movement - its motion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Can all types of energy be transformed into other types of energy or only some?

A

All types of energy can be transformed into other types of energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can energy be lost? Why?

A

Energy is not lost, it is conserved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

As a ball is dropped, _________ energy is at a maximum.
(potential/kinetic)

A

As a ball is dropped, potential energy is at a maximum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

As a ball come to a standstill after being dropped on the ground, _______ energy is at a maximum. (potential/kinetic)

A

As a ball come to a standstill after being dropped on the ground, kinetic energy is at a maximum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

As the ball falls, there is a gain in ________ energy and a loss in _________ energy.
(potential/kinetic)

A

As the ball falls, there is a gain in kinetic energy and a loss in potential energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

List all the types of potential energy.

A
  • Chemical Potential Energy
  • Gravitational Potential Energy
  • Nuclear Energy
  • Elastic Potential Energy
  • Electrical Energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List all the types of kinetic energy.

A
  • Kinetic Energy
  • Heat/Thermal Energy
  • Sound Energy
  • Light/Radiant Energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define energy.

A

The ability to do work.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. Define gravitational energy.
  2. Provide the symbol.
  3. Name the type of energy it is.
A
  1. Gravitational energy is the energy of position or place.
  2. (Ep)
  3. Potential energy.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  1. Define chemical energy.
  2. Provide the symbol.
  3. Name the type of energy it is.
A
  1. Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules.
  2. (Ecp)
  3. Potential energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  1. Define nuclear energy.
  2. Provide the symbol.
  3. Name the type of energy it is.
A
  1. Nuclear energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom - the energy that holds it together.
  2. (En)
  3. Potential energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. Define elastic energy.
  2. Provide the symbol.
  3. Name the type of energy it is.
A
  1. Elastic energy is energy stored in springs and elastic objects by the application of a force.
  2. (Eep)
  3. Potential energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  1. Define electrical energy.
  2. Provide the symbol.
  3. Name the type of energy it is.
A
  1. Electrical energy is the energy that is transferred in electrical circuits. This is a result of the movement of charged particles (electrons).
  2. (Ee)
  3. Potential energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  1. Define kinetic energy.
  2. Provide the symbol.
  3. Name the type of energy it is.
A
  1. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. It is the movement of objects and substances from one place to another.
  2. (Ek)
  3. Kinetic energy [duh]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  1. Define heat/thermal energy.
  2. Provide the symbol.
  3. Name the type of energy it is.
A
  1. Heat/thermal energy is the internal energy of substances. It is the movement of molecules and atoms inside a substance. The faster they move, the hotter they become.
  2. (Q)
  3. Kinetic energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  1. Define sound energy.
  2. Provide the symbol.
  3. Name the type of energy it is.
  4. The process how sound is produced.
A
  1. Sound energy is the movement of energy through substances via sound waves.
  2. (Es)
  3. Kinetic energy
  4. Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  1. Define light/radiant energy.
  2. Provide the symbol.
  3. Name the type of energy it is.
A
  1. Light/radiant energy is electromagnetic energy that travels via waves.
  2. (El)
  3. Kinetic energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Radiating is when…

A

Energy moves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

When energy moves, it is called…

A

Radiating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

List the two types of waves.

A
  • Mechanical Waves
  • Electromagnetic Waves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How do mechanical waves transfer energy?

A

Mechanical waves transfer energy via the vibration of particles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

How do electromagnetic waves transfer energy?

A

Electromagnetic waves transfer energy using waves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What do mechanical waves require to transfer energy?

A

Matter - such as air or water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Do electromagnetic waves require matter to tranfer energy?

A

No, only mechanical waves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

List the Electromagnetic Spectrum in order.

A
  • Radio Waves
  • Microwaves
  • Infrared radiation
  • Visible light
  • Ultraviolet
  • X-rays
  • Gamma-rays
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Electromagnetic energy travels via…

A

Electromagnetic waves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Define electromagnetic waves.

A

Electromagnetic waves are a type of wave that transfers energy via light and does not require matter to travel through.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are two properties of waves with short wavelengths?

A
  • High frequency
  • High energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are two properties of waves with long wavelengths?

A
  • Low frequency
  • Low energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Radio Waves:
How much energy and what is it used for?

A
  • Very low energy
  • Used to send radio and television transmissions.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Microwaves:
How much energy and what is it used for?

A
  • Low energy
  • Used to send wifi and bluetooth signals
39
Q

Infrared radiation:
How much energy, what type of energy does it transfer, and what can it be detected by?

A
  • Fairly low energy
  • Transfers heat
  • Detected by infrared cameras
40
Q

Visible light:
What’s so special about it?

A

Visible light is the only kind of electromagnetic wave that humans can see with their eyes.

41
Q

Ultraviolet:
How much energy, what is it used for, and can it be harmful?

A
  • Fairly high energy
  • Used in ‘black lights’
  • Ultraviolet waves with higher energies can be harmful to skin.
42
Q

X-ray:
How much energy and what is it used for, and why?

A
  • High energy
  • X-rays, because it can pass through soft tissues but not hard tissues like bone.
43
Q

Gamma-ray:
How much energy and how is it produced?

A
  • Very high energy
  • Produced in the sun
44
Q

Radiation can affect cells and often depends on the…

List three.

A
  • Type
  • Strength
  • Length of exposure
45
Q

Radiation can affect cells and often depends on the type.

Elaborate.

A

Ionising or non-ionising

46
Q

Radiation can affect cells and often depends on the strength.

Elaborate.

A

Energy per second the cells are subjected to.

47
Q

Radiation can affect cells and often depends on the length of exposure.

Elaborate.

A

How long your cells are exposed to the radiation.

48
Q

Which waves on the Electromagnetic Spectrum are ionising?

A
  • Ultraviolet
  • X-rays
  • Gamma-rays
49
Q

What do ionised cells have none of, and what is the effect of this?

A

Ionised cells have no electrons, making them malfunction and not do the job.

50
Q

List three things that can happen after a cell gets ionised.

A
  • Cell repairs itself
  • Cell is permanently modified
  • Cell dies
51
Q

One of three things a cell can do after it gets ionised is repair itself.

Elaborate.

A

ZERO EFFECT

52
Q

One of three things a cell can do after it gets ionised is get permanently modified.

List two things that could happen if this happens.

A
  • Cell destroyed by immune system
  • Survives but is dysfunctional
53
Q

One of three things a cell can do after it gets ionised is die.

List three things that could happen if this happens.

A
  • Few cells killed. Organism will heal and survive.
  • Most cells killed, organism may survive with symptoms.
  • Most cells killed, organism will perish.
54
Q

List three ways that we can protect ourselves from radiation exposure.

A
  • Reduce exposure time
  • Increase distance
  • Shield ourselves.
55
Q

Define radioactive decay.

A

Radioactive decay is the process whereby an unstable parent nucleus transmutes into a daughter nucleus by emitting a particle and/or wave to become stable.

56
Q

Define nuclear energy.

A

Nuclear energy is the energy that comes from the core (or the nucleus) of an atom.

57
Q

Nuclear reactions are DIFFERENT to chemical reactions. True or false?

A

TRUE!

58
Q

In nuclear reactions, the _________ changes.

In chemical reactions, the __________ change.

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Electrons
59
Q

One element can change into another element in ___________ reactions.

One element can’t change into another element in ___________ reactions.

A
  1. Nuclear
  2. Chemical
60
Q

Define isotopes.

(Protons/Neutrons)

A

Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.

61
Q

The number of neutrons doesn’t affect _________ behaviour, but it does affect __________ behaviour.

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Nuclear
62
Q

What are isotopes identified by?

A

Their mass.

63
Q

How would a carbon isotope with a mass of 14 and an atomic number of 6 be written?

A

Carbon-14, the atomic number doesn’t affect how isotopes are written.

64
Q

What can affect the stability of the nucleus, and in turn what does this cause?

A

Too many or too few neutrons can affect the stability of the nucleus, causing bonds to break.

65
Q

How do neutrons decay into protons and why?

A

Neutrons decay into protons by expelling an electron. This happens when neutrons don’t have enough nearby protons.

66
Q

Define unstable nucleus.

A

An unstable nucleus is when the neutrons start to outnumber the protons.

67
Q

Define a radioisotope.

A

When the isotope has an unstable nucleus - when the neutrons start to outnumber the protons.

68
Q

What makes a substance have high radioactivity?

A

If there are many nuclei decaying the substance then it’s said to have high radioactivity.

69
Q

What does an unstable nucleus do to become stable?

A

The unstable nucleus emits a particle or wave to become stable.

70
Q

Why is the mass on elements on the periodic table always decimal numbers?

A

Elements on the periodic table have the average mass of all isotopes, and the average is usually a decimal number.

71
Q

What are the three particles/waves that are emitted during nuclear radiation?

A
  • Alpha particles
  • Beta particles
  • Gamma waves
72
Q

List the following properties of alpha particles.

a) symbol
b) particle or wave?
c) same as…
d) charge
e) mass
f) speed
g) ionising ability
h) penetration
i) stopped by

A

a) a
b) particle
c) helium nucleus
d) 2+
e) 4
f) slow
g) high
h) low
i) paper

73
Q

List the following properties of beta particles.

a) symbol
b) particle or wave?
c) same as…
d) charge
e) mass
f) speed
g) ionising ability
h) penetration
i) stopped by

A

a) B
b) particle
c) electron
d) 1-
e) 1/2000
f) medium
g) medium
h) medium
i) aluminium

74
Q

List the following properties of gamma waves.

a) symbol
b) particle or wave?
c) same as…
d) charge
e) mass
f) speed
g) ionising ability
h) penetration
i) stopped by

A

a) Y
b) wave
c) electromagnetic wave
d) none
e) none
f) fast
g) low
h) high
i) lead

74
Q

As penetrating ability increases, ionising ability _________.

A

Decreases

75
Q

As speed increases, penetration ability _________.

A

Also increases

76
Q

What is an alpha particle made up of?

A

Two neutrons and two protons

77
Q

List two ways alpha particles can be represented.

A

4
2 He

OR

4
2 a

77
Q

How do you calculate alpha decay?

A

Mass number decreases by 4, atomic number decreases by 2.

78
Q

What does a nuclear equation look like?

A

238 234 4
92 U -> 90 Th + 2 He

79
Q

Why are beta particles emitted, and what is a beta particle made up of?

A

One of the neutrons converts to a proton, and an electron is emitted.

80
Q

List two ways beta particles can be represented.

A

0
-1 e

OR

0
-1 B

81
Q

How do you calculate beta decay?

A

Atomic number increases by one, mass number stays the same.

82
Q

Define the process of gamma decay.

A

Gamma decay occurs when the protons and neutrons rearrange into a more stable form, and energy is emitted as a gamma wave.

83
Q

How do you calculate gamma decay?

A

Atomic number and mass number stay the same, therefore resulting in the same parent element as daughter element.

84
Q

On a nuclear decay graph, what axis is mass number on and what axis is atomic number on?

A

Mass number: y
Atomic number: x

85
Q

What is the point of a nuclear decay graph?

A

To plot nuclear decay, and note isotopes and elements involved in the decay process.

86
Q

Define half-life.

A

Half-life is the time it takes for half of the radioactive substance to decay.

87
Q

Why is a half-life HALF not FULL?

A

A half-life is HALF not FULL because half is a more accurate prediction.

88
Q

After one half-life, does it halve again or straight away turn into a new element?

Provide detail.

A

After one half-life, it halves, and halves again, and so on. THEN it turns into a new element, after none is left.

89
Q

The _______ the half-life, the less stable the object is.

shorter/longer

A

The shorter the half-life, the less stable the object is.

90
Q

List the three types of natural radiation.

A
  • Cosmic rays
  • Rocks and soil
  • Living things
91
Q

List five pieces of advice to follow in an exam. (Not including explanations)

A
  • Include units
  • Graph titles: pay attention
  • GO WITH YOUR GUT
  • Use logic
  • Check your working
92
Q

List four things to make sure to include during explanations in an exam.

A
  • Include data
  • Include a conclusion/final answer
  • Rule out everything to deduce answer
  • Include everything you’ve learnt: detail

Yr 8, Term 3 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions