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Yr 8, Term 3 > HPE Theory > Flashcards

HPE Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the 5 functions of the skeleton.

A
  • Shape
  • Movement
  • Protection
  • Mineral Storage
  • Blood Cells
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2
Q

Identify the 4 types of bones.

A
  • Long
  • Short
  • Flat
  • Irregular
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3
Q

List 2 identifiers of long bones.

A
  • Longer than they are wide
  • Long shaft and two heads
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4
Q

List some examples of long bones.

A
  • Phalanges
  • Fibula
  • Femur
  • Ulna
  • Humerus
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5
Q

What is the process of growing bones?

A

Cartilage grows and gets replaced by bones.

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5
Q

How can we keep our bones strong?
How can we take care of our bones?
(same answer for both, but two dot points)

A
  • Eat calcium
  • Be active
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5
Q
  1. What is the outer layer of a bone made of?
  2. What is the inner layer of a bone made of?
  3. What is the center of a bone made of?
A
  1. Compact bone
  2. Cancellous
  3. Bone marrow/periosteum
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5
Q

What age do we/our bones stop growing?

A

25 years old.

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6
Q

Where is the cranium located?

A

Skull or head

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7
Q

Describe periosteum (inside a bone).

A

Dense, thin membrane that contains nerves and blood vessels.

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7
Q

List some examples of short bones.

A
  • Carpals
  • Tarsals
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7
Q

Describe compact bone (inside a bone).

A

Smooth and hard.

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7
Q

Where is the cranium located?

A

Skull or head

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7
Q

List 2 identifiers of short bones.

A
  • Cube-shaped
  • Found in confined spaces
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8
Q

List some examples of flat bones.

A
  • Cranium
  • Ribs
  • Scapula
  • Pelvis
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8
Q

List 2 identifiers of irregular bones.

A
  • Varied shapes
  • Many surfaces for attachment of muscles.
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8
Q

List an example of an irregular bone.

A

Vertebrae

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8
Q

List the three things bones are made of.

A
  • Periosteum/Bone marrow
  • Compact bone
  • Cancellous
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8
Q

Where is the mandible located?

A

Jaw

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9
Q

Where is the clavicle located?

A

Collar bone

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10
Q

Describe cancellous (inside a bone).

A
  • Spongey
  • Strong
  • Protects bone marrow
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10
Q

List 2 identifiers of flat bones.

A
  • Broad, dense surface
  • Muscle attachment
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11
Q

Where are the carpals located?

A

Small bones in your wrist

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12
Q

Where are the tarsals located?

A

Bones in the ankle

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13
Q

Where is the vertebral column located?

A

Series of bones in the back running from the base of your skull down to your sacrum

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14
Q

Where are the metacarpals located?

A

Bones in palm of hand

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15
Q

Where are the metatarsals located?

A

Bones in foot running from ankle to toes

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16
Q

Where are the phalanges located?

A

Small bones of fingers and toes

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17
Q

Where is the scapula located?

A

Shoulder blade

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18
Q

Where is the patella located?

A

Kneecap

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19
Q

Where is the ulna located?

A

Long bone in forearm - pinkie to elbow

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19
Q

Where is the radius located?

A

Long bone in forearm - thumb to elbow

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19
Q

Where is the humerus located?

A

Long bone in upper arm

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20
Q

Where is the ribs located?

A

Surround chest

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20
Q

Where is the pelvic girdle/pelvis located?

A

Hips

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20
Q

Where is the femur located?

A

Long bone in upper thigh

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20
Q

Where is the sternum located?

A

Breast bone

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20
Q

Where is the fibula located?

A

Long bone of lower legs - runs down the outside

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21
Q

Where is the tibia located?

A

Long bone of lower legs - runs down the inside

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22
Q

What bone is located in the skull/head?

A

Cranium

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22
Q

Where is the sacrum located?

A

Lower back, just above coccyx.

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22
Q

Where is the coccyx located?

A

Small bone at the base of the spine, tailbone.

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23
Q

What bone is located in the jaw?

A

Mandible

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24
Q

What bone is located in the collar bone?

A

Clavicle

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25
Q

What bone is the long bone in the upper arm?

A

Humerus

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26
Q

What bone is the long bone in forearm - thumb to elbow?

A

Radius

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27
Q

What bone is the long bone in forearm - pinkie to elbow?

A

Ulna

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28
Q

What bone is located surrounding the chest?

A

Ribs

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29
Q

What bone is the breast bone?

A

Sternum

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30
Q

What bone is located at the hips?

A

Pelvic girdle/pelvis

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31
Q

What bone is located in the upper thigh?

A

Femur

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32
Q

h

A

h

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33
Q

What bone is the shin bone?

A

Tibia

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34
Q

What bone is located in the outside of lower legs?

A

Fibula

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35
Q

What bone is located at the base of the spine, also known as the tailbone?

A

Coccyx

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36
Q

What bone is located just above the coccyx in the lower back?

A

Sacrum

37
Q

What are the small bones in your wrist?

A

Carpals

38
Q

What bone is located in the ankle?

A

Tarsals

39
Q

What is the series of bones in the back down your spine called?

A

Vertebral column

40
Q

What is the bones located in the palm of hand called?

A

Metacarpals

41
Q

What is the bones in foot running from ankle to toes called?

A

Metatarsals

42
Q

What are the small bones of fingers and toes called?

A

Phalanges

43
Q

What bone is located in the shoulder blade?

A

Scapula

44
Q

What bone is located in the kneecap?

A

Patella

45
Q

Define superior.

A

Closer to the head than another part

46
Q

Define inferior.

A

Closer to the feet than another part

47
Q

Define anterior.

A

Towards the front of the body

48
Q

Define posterior.

A

Towards the back of the body

49
Q

Define medial.

A

Towards the imaginary midline of the body

50
Q

Define lateral.

A

Away from the imaginary midline of the body

51
Q

Define proximal.

A

A body part closer to it’s attachment point.

52
Q

Define distal.

A

A body part further away from the point of attachment than another.

53
Q

List the four functions of muscles.

A
  • Movement
  • Heat production
  • Posture and body support
  • Protection
54
Q

Elaborate on the muscle function: movement

A

Muscles attach to bones to allow movement.

55
Q

Elaborate on the muscle function: heat production

A

Heat is a by-product when our bodies produce energy in our cells, and when we move our muscles.

56
Q

Elaborate on the muscle function: posture and body support

A

Muscles continually make fine, corrective movements to maintain our upright body position.

57
Q

Elaborate on the muscle function: protection

A

Muscles protect internal organs and structures.

58
Q

Where is the deltoid located?

A

Shoulder

59
Q

Where is the trapezius located?

A

Top of neck

60
Q

Where is the pectoralis major located?

A

Chest

61
Q

Where is the latissimus dorsi located?

A

Back of ribcage

62
Q

Where is the biceps located?

A

Front of upper arm

63
Q

Where is the triceps located?

A

Back of upper arm

64
Q

Where is the rectus abdominis located?

A

Stomach

65
Q

Where is the gluteus maximus located?

A

Bottom

66
Q

Where is the quadriceps located?

A

Thigh

67
Q

Where is the wrist flexors located?

A

Front of forearm

67
Q

Where is the wrist extensors located?

A

Back of forearm

68
Q

What muscle is located in the shoulder?

A

Deltoid

69
Q

What muscle is located in the back of rib cage?

A

Latissimus dorsi

69
Q

What muscle is located in the front of forearm?

A

Wrist flexors

69
Q

What muscle is located in the front of the upper arm?

A

Biceps

70
Q

What muscle is located in the thigh?

A

Quadriceps

70
Q

What muscle is located in the bottom?

A

Gluteus maximus

70
Q

Where is the hamstrings located?

A

Back of upper leg

70
Q

What muscle is located in the top of the neck?

A

Trapezius

70
Q

What muscle is located in the back of upper leg?

A

Hamstrings

70
Q

Where is the gastrocnemius located?

A

Back of lower leg (Calf)

70
Q

What muscle is located in the front of lower leg? (shin)

A

Tibialis anterior

71
Q

What muscle is located in the chest located?

A

Pectoralis major

71
Q

Where is the tibialis anterior located?

A

Front of lower leg (shin)

71
Q

What muscle is located in the back of the upper arm?

A

Triceps

71
Q

Where is the sartorius located?

A

A thin band running across the thigh

71
Q

What muscle is located in the stomach?

A

Rectus abdominis

71
Q

What muscle is located in the gastrocnemius?

A

Back of lower leg (Calf)

71
Q

What muscle is the thin band running across the thigh?

A

Sartorius

72
Q

What muscle is located in the chest located?

A

Pectoralis major

73
Q

What muscle is located in the back of rib cage?

A

Latissimus dorsi

74
Q

What muscle is located in the top of the neck?

A

Trapezius

75
Q

List the three types of joints.

A
  • Immoveable (Fibrous)
  • Slightly moveable joints (cartilaginous)
  • Moveable joints (Synovial)
76
Q

Define immovable (fibrous) joints, and what the two bones are connected by in this joint.

A

This is where two bones are fused together, therefore allowing no movement occur. Connected by dense fibrous tissue. There is no joint cavity between bones.

77
Q

What muscle is located in the back of forearm?

A

Wrist extensors

77
Q

Define joint, and what they allow the bones to do.

A

A joint is the location at which two bones make contact. They are constructed to allow movement and/or provide mechanical support.

78
Q

Define slightly moveable (cartilaginous) joints.

A

This is where bones are joined by cartilage. They allow for some movement.

79
Q

Define moveable (synovial) joints.

A

Allows body to move in many different directions. There is a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid between the bones. The end of the bones are covered in cartilage.

80
Q

Define cartilage.

A

Cartilage is a type of supportive and protective tissue. It covers the ends of bones that make up a joint.

81
Q

Define tendon.

A

Tendons are a band of dense connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

82
Q

h

A

h

83
Q

Define tendon.

A

Tendons are a band of dense connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

84
Q

Define ligament.

A

Ligaments are a band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone to provide strength and flexibility to a joint.

85
Q

Define ball and socket joint.

A

A joint in which the rounded surface of a bone moves within a depression on another bone.

85
Q

Define pivot joint.

A

Joints that permit rotatory movement of bones, around a single axis.

86
Q

Define hinge joint.

A

A joint that exists in the body and serves to allow motion primarily in one place.

87
Q

Define articulating joint.

A

The place of union between two or more bones.

88
Q

Define flexion.

A

An anterior motion where you decrease the angle between bones and bend the joint.

89
Q

Define extension.

A

A posterior motion where you increase the angle between bones and straighten the joint.

90
Q

Define abduction.

A

Where you move a limb away from the midline of the body.

91
Q

Define adduction.

A

Where you move a limb towards the midline of the body.

92
Q

Define pronation.

A

When your palm or forearm faces down.

93
Q

Define supination.

A

When your palm or forearm faces up.

94
Q

Define plantar flexion.

A

When you push the forward portion of the foot down.

95
Q

Define dorsiflexion.

A

When you lift the forward portion of the foot down.

96
Q

Define circumduction.

A

Circular movement of a body segment action.

97
Q

Define rotation (in relation to body movement)

A

The movement of a bone around it’s own axis.

98
Q

Define agonist.

A

The muscle that is contracting.

99
Q

Define antagonist (in relation to body movement)

A

The muscle that is relaxing/lengthening.

100
Q

State the template for agonist and antagonist muscle pairs. Include what should go in each space as a general guide.

(FLEXION)

A

__________ contract and become shorter. As it shortens, it pulls the ____________ __________. ___________ remain relaxed.

  1. Agonist muscle
  2. Muscle that is moving
  3. Where it’s moving
  4. Antagonist muslce
101
Q

State the template for agonist and antagonist muscle pairs. Include what should go in each space as a general guide.

(EXTENSION)

A

_________ contract and become shorter. As it shortens, it pulls the __________ back to its original position. ___________ remains relaxed.

  1. Agonist muscle
  2. Muscle that is moving
  3. Antagonist muscle

Yr 8, Term 3 (3 decks)

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