Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FTCE PK-3 > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal of science?

A

to construct explanations about how the natural world works

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the difference between formal and informal learning?

A

-formal: based on curriculum standards
-informal (experiential): student-directed, flexible, focus on what student wants to learn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a claim?

A

a statement that answers a testable question or problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How much of Earth’s surface is covered by water?

A

70% (of that: 97% ocean, 3% lakes and streams, groundwater, glacial ice, etc.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 3 types of rocks?

A

-igneous: formed from liquid rock or magma that cools
-sedimentary: formed from sediments of other rocks
-metamorphic: formed from preexisting rocks below Earth’s surface as a result of heat, pressure, or presence of chemically active fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is lava?

A

magma that erupts at Earth’s surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are minerals?

A

-naturally occurring
-nonliving solids
-definite crystalline structure
-chemical composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some common physical properties minerals can be identified by?

A

-streak
-hardness
-luster
-fracture (don’t break along uneven or sometimes curved surfaces)/cleavage (break along smooth lines)
-color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main component of soil?

A

sediment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 smallest particles in soil?

A

-sand: largest; doesn’t hold water well; water drains right through it
-silt: feels like flour; holds water better than sand because grains are smaller
-clay: smallest; sticky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference between physical and chemical weathering?

A

-physical (mechanical): breaks materials into smaller pieces, but chemical composition doesn’t change
-chemical: changes chemical composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is erosion?

A

movement of Earth materials by water, wind, or ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes low and high atmospheric pressure?

A

-low: warm air rises (associated with precipitation)
-high: cool air sinks (associated with clear skies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does air move in the atmosphere?

A

from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the water (hydrological) cycle?

A

-evaporation
-condensation
-precipitation
-collection or filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth?

A

Sputnik I launched by Soviet Union (1957)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When was the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) established?

A

1958 by Congress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who was the first American in space?

A

Alan Shepard (1961)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When did the final Moon landing take place?

A

1972

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many shuttle missions were there?

A

-135 (133 successful)
-Challenger and Columbia unsuccessful
-space shuttle program ended in 2011

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the degree Earth’s axis is tilted at?

A

~23.5 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the shortest and longest day of the year in the northern hemisphere?

A

-shortest: Dec 21 (winter solstice)
-longest: June 21 (summer solstice)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T or F: Distance is a factor in seasonal temp change.

24
Q

What does equinox signify?

A

equal time periods

25
What does it mean when the Moon is waxing?
right side of the moon becomes increasingly visible each night
26
What does it mean when the Moon is waning?
left side of the moon becomes increasingly each night
27
How long does it take for the Moon to orbit Earth?
~27 days; ~29 days from one new Moon to the next (discrepancy because Moon and Earth are both moving; Moon has to travel a little further than 360 degrees to be between Earth and Sun)
28
What is the difference between a renewable and nonrenewable resources?
-renewable: replenished over timescales of decades or less -nonrenewable: requires millions of years to be replenished because the processes they are formed by take a very long time (fossil fuels: coal, oil, natural gas)
29
What are the 3 states of matter?
solid, liquid, gas
30
What are characteristic properties?
-properties that hold true regardless of the size of the sample -ex: freezing point, boiling point, mineral’s hardness
31
What is the difference between mass and weight?
-amount of matter in an object (remains the same no matter where it is in the universe) -the force of gravity on an object
32
What is volume?
amount of space it takes up
33
What is density?
the relationship between an objects mass and its volume (Density = Mass/Volume)
34
What is temperature?
a measure of the average energy of motion in particles (e.g., the faster the particles move, the greater the temperature)
35
What are elements?
-substances that are made up of only one type of matter (have definite properties)
36
What is a compound?
-two or more elements that are chemically combined (have definite properties) -can only be separated by chemical means
37
What is a mixture?
-two or more substances that are mixed together, but not chemically combined (heterogeneous mixture) -substances retain their individual properties (e.g., tossed salad)
38
What is a solution?
a homogeneous mixture of one or more substances dissolved in a solvent (e.g., salt water, sugar water, sweet tea)
39
What is the difference between a physical and chemical change?
-physical: modify the form of a substance, but does not change it into a new substance; retains its properties (e.g., cutting, tearing, folding, dissolving, changing from one state of matter to another) -chemical: results in a new substance with different properties (e.g., burning, rusting, digesting food)
40
What is energy? What are the 2 types of energies?
-the ability to do work, or cause a change in matter -kinetic: energy of motion; potential: stored or “possible” energy
41
What are the different types of forms energy can be in?
-mechanical -chemical -light -sound -heat (thermal) -electrical
42
What is the law of conservation of energy?
energy is not created or destroyed; it’s just transferred to a different form
43
What is force?
a push or pull on an object that occurs due to its interaction with another object
44
What are Newton’s 3 laws of motion?
-1st (law of inertia): objects tend to keep doing what they are doing, unless acted on by an outside force (objects in motion stay in motion and vice versa) -2nd: massive objects require a greater force to change its motion -3rd: for every force (action) there is an equal and opposite force (action)
45
What is heredity?
the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring
46
What are alleles?
pairs of genes that encode for specific traits (each parent contributes one of those alleles to offspring)
47
How many kingdoms does today’s classification system contain?
-6 -sorting is based upon their type of cells, the number of cells in their bodies, and whether they produce their own food
48
Plants can be can classified as 2 things. What are they?
-vascular: use roots and stems to transport nutrients (e.g., trees and flowers) -nonvascular: do not transport nutrients via roots and stems (e.g., mosses)
49
Animals can be classified into two major groups. What are they?
-vertebraes: internal skeleton with a backbone -Invertebrate is: no internal skeleton with a backbone (90% of all animals; worms, clams, shrimp, oysters; arthropods: insects, spiders, scorpions, centipedes)
50
What is an endoskeleton?
an internal one that provide support, helps organisms move, and protects internal organs (vertebrates)
51
What are the five types of vertebrates?
-fish -amphibians -reptiles -birds -mammals
52
What are characteristics of a living thing?
-made up of one or more cells -need and use energy -respond and adapt to the environment -move -grow -reproduce -control their internal environment
53
What are tissues?
groups of similar cells that perform a particular function
54
What are organs?
made up of one or more types of tissue
55
What are the eight major systems of the human body?
-circulatory -respiratory -digestive -nervous -musculoskeletal -excretory -immune -reproductive
56
What are the 3 types of organisms within an ecosystem?
-producers: make their own food -consumers: consuming other organisms -decomposers: feed on dead, or decaying plants and animals
57
What is a biome?
-a geographic area that has similar weather and vegetation -ex: rainforest, forest, desert, grassland, tundra, freshwater, marine

FTCE PK-3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions