Mathematics Flashcards
What is mathematics?
the science of pattern and order
What are two important concepts that apply throughout math?
-composing (putting things together)
-decomposing (taking things apart)
What is procedural fluency?
students know how to use mathematical rules and procedures to solve problems
What math concepts are addressed for K-3?
-counting and cardinality (# of elements in a set; A = {1, 2, 3}, cardinality = 3)
-operations and algebraic thinking
-number and operations in base 10
-number and operations - fractions
-measurement and data
-geometry
What are the 8 standards for mathematical practices (SMPs)?
-make sense of problems and persevere in solving them
-reason abstractly and quantitatively
-construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others
-model with math
-use appropriate tools strategically
-attend to precision
-look for and make use of structure
-look for an express regularity in repeated reasoning
What is a mathematical function?
a rule that specifies one and only one output for each input
What is a cardinal number?
tells how many objects are in a set
What is subitizing?
ability to immediately recognize total number of a common pattern/collection of objects without needing to count each one
What are ordinal numbers?
1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.
What is the difference between rote counting and rational counting?
-rote: can say number words in order but without matching the number word with the object counted
-rational: can demonstrate 1:1 correspondence and cardinality
-can rote count to a number than they can rationally count (e.g., rote count by ones and tens to 100, but rationally count to 20)
What is the commutative property?
the order (in addition and multiplication) doesn’t matter
What is the associative property?
when adding/multiplying 3 or more numbers, it doesn’t matter which 2 you add/multiply first
What is the identity property of addition/subtraction?
-aka zero property
-anything added/subtracted by 0 = the number that was being added/subtracted from (avoid telling children rules; allow them to figure it out)
What is the identity property of multiplication/division?
-aka one property
-any number being multiplied/divided by 1 = the number being multiplied/divided (12 x 1 = 12; 12 / 1 = 12)
What is the zero property of multiplication/division?
-any number multiplied 0 = 0
-0 divided by any number = 0
-a number divided by 0 = no solution
What is iterating?
counting fractions
What are examples of measurable attributes?
-length
-width
-height
-volume
-perimeter
-weight
What are the 3 types of triangles?
-equilateral: all sides and angles are equal
-isoceles: 2 equal sides and angles
-scalene: no equal sides or angles
T or F: Spheres, cylinders, and cones are not polyhedral.
T (polyhedral = polygon; they are not composed of polygons)
What is a vertex?
a corner where several faces of a 3-dimensional figure meet
What is the difference between a prism and a pyramid?
-prism: polyhedron w/ 2 parallel bases; named by the shaped of their bases
-pyramid: single based joined by triangles to a point
What are some examples of spatial vocab?
-above
-below
-inside
-behind
What is a point in geometry?
specifies a location
What is a line in geometry?
has no thickness, is straight, and extends in both directions without end
