Science Flashcards
What two adjustments can be used to focus on the specimen?
Coarse and fine adjustment
What are the 3 objectives? (name & x2…etc)
low power (x4), Medium power (x10), high power (x40)
What’s unicellular?
Organisms that only have one cell
What’s multicellular?
Organisms that have more than one cell
What’s Nucleus’s function?
controls the cell and contains the genetic material
Where does nucleus appear?
plant and animal cell
What’s cell membrane’s function?
controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
Where does cell membrane appear?
plant and animal cell
What’s cell wall’s function?
provides support to the cell
What’s mitochondrion’s function?
cellular respiration - releasing energy from glucose using oxygen
Where is mitochondrion found?
plant and animal cell
What’s cytoplasm’s function?
site of chemical reactions and where the other organelles are found
Where’s cytoplasm found?
plant and animal cell
What’s the vacuole’s function?
photosynthesis - contain chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight
Where is vacuole found?
plant cell
What’s chloroplast’s function?
contain cell sap - maintain the shape of the cell
Where is chloroplast found?
plant cell
What parts are in the plant cell?
nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, vacuole and chloroplast
What parts are in the animal cell?
nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane, cytoplasm
What’s the chemical reaction for respiration?
glucose + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water
What’s respiration?
The chemical process in which sugar (glucose) is broken down to release energy using oxygen
What are two types of cell diversion?
Mitosis and Meosis
What is mitosis?
one cell dividing into two identical cells
What is meiosis?
one cell split into 4, doesn’t have full genes
Why is cell division needed?
growth, repair and reproduction
What do cells make up?
tissues
What do tissues make up?
organs
What do organs make up?
organ systems
What do plants give us?
food, oxygen and life on earth
(get the flower diagram out!!!!)
it’s in Y8 science folder T4
What’s the petal’s function?
have bright colours to attract birds and incests
What’s the stigma’s function?
a sticky pad the pollens land on
What’s the style’s function?
to hold up the stigma
What’s the ovary’s function
protects the ovules
What’s the ovule’s function
contain the female sex cells
What’s the anther’s function?
where the pollen is proudcted
What’s the filament’s function?
supports the anther in male part of the flower
What’s pollen?
a very small seed formed in male part
What’s the stamen’s function?
a part that produces the pollen
What two organ systems does a plant have?
root system and shoot system
What organs does a plant have?
roots, stems, leaves
What’s the function of the stem?
grow leaves/flowers, photosynthesis, food storage
What’s the function of leaves?
photosynthesis, save/transport water, water & gas exchange
What’s the function of flower?
reproduction organ, attract incests/birds
What’s the function of roots?
stick to the ground, store sugar & protein, dissolve minerals, give water to parts above
What’s the importance of root hair?
can stretch further away to find water
What’s xylem’s function?
continuous tubes that transport water from roots up to the leaves
What’s phloem’s function?
transport nutrients up and down to all the cells in a plant
What’s the role of the respiratory system?
to take in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
How many chambers does the heart have?
4
What are the 4 chambers of the heart?
right & left atrium, right & left ventricle
What’s the role of the circulatory system?
transport blood, energy and nutrients all around the body
Where and what is deoxygenated blood?
deoxygenated blood is blood with low oxygen - happens in the right atrium
Where and what is oxygenated blood?
oxygenated blood is blood with oxygen - happens in the left atrium
Is the atrium on the top or the bottom?
top
What does the stomach do to the food?
digest the food, turn food into liquid
Why is the small intestine so long and folded?
to increase surface area
What is absorbed in the large intestine
water, salt
Why is food moved into blood?
so can be delivered to all cells in the body
What’s the role of the excretory system?
remove waste
What does a kidney do?
filter blood, get rid of water, balance the salt & water
What are the 4 main roles of the skeleton?
to support, protect, movement and production of blood cells
How do muscles move bones?
they contracts - allowing movement
Is it true muscles can both expand and contract?
don’t expand but contract
What’s ligament?
tissues that attach bone to bones
What’s tendon?
tissues that attach bone to muscles
What is weathering?
breaking down of rocks over time
What is erosion?
the movement of earthen material by natural force
How are weathering & erosion different?
weathering is breaking down rocks, erosion is moving rocks to another place
What are the 3 types of weathering
Physical, chemical and biological
What are the 3 types of rock?
sedimentary, igneous, metaphoric
What are the 3 types of sedimentary rock?
Clastic, chemical, biogical
What are some sedimentary rocks?
shale, sandstone, coal
What does stratified mean?
have layers (that can break off easily)
What does non-stratified mean?
have no layers
Is coal a mineral?
NO!!!!!
How do sedimentary rocks form?
form in layers - sediments end up in rivers, settle, layers pile up and turn into rocks by presssure
In what kind of environment would sedimentary rocks form?
lakes, slow-moving water, bogs…
Are the layers on the top the youngest?
Yes
What are fossils?
A trace of past lie preserved in rocks
What are the 3 types of volcanoes?
cinder (have a hole on the top), shield, composite
What’s the difference between lava and magma
Lava is above the surface/volcano, magma is below the surface/volcano
What are the two types of igneous rocks?
extrusive and intrusive
What’s the difference between extrusive and intrusive?
extrusive is cooled under the surface of the volcano - has crystals, intrusive is cooled above the surface - very little or none crystal
What does felsic mean?
light coloured
What does mafic mean?
dark coloured
Where does hot stop form?
where there is hot mantle pushing up through the crust
What forms if the hot spot is under an ocean
a chain of islands
What does ‘Ma’ mean?
Million years
What are metamorphic rocks?
rocks that has been changed by heat and pressure
What are two types of metamorphic rocks?
foliated and non-foliated
What’s the difference between foliated and non-foliated?
foliated have layers/bands and non-foliated don’t have layers/bands
(Go look at rock cycle!!!!)
memorise the rock cycle!!!
What should the hypothesis & aim have?
prediction (independent variable)
What’s the independent variable measuring?
the thing you are going to change
What’s the dependent variable measuring?
the thing you’re measuring
What’s the control variable measuring?
the things that you’re keeping the same
How to check validity?
it is kept controlled? is it testing what needs to be tested? does it have a control group (the normal condition)?
How to check reliability?
does it have repeats? are the results similar?
How to check accuracy?
does it use appropriate equipment? is it close to what’s expected?
