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Y8 Exam revision > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Landscape

A

A wide area that have all aspects of the 4 spheres

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2
Q

Define: Landform

A

A geologic formation within the landscape

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3
Q

Define: Atmosphere

A

The sphere for air

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4
Q

Define: Lithosphere

A

The sphere for ground, land, no living things

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5
Q

Define: Hydrosphere

A

The sphere for water

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6
Q

Define: Biosphere

A

The sphere for living things, animals, plants

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7
Q

Define: Plate tectonics

A

Boundaries where geologic movement happens

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8
Q

Define: Crust

A

The most outer layer of earth

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9
Q

Define: Mantle

A

The widest layer of the earth, just underneath the crust

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10
Q

Define: Core

A

The centre of planet earth

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11
Q

Define: Convergent boundaries

A

Boundaries that push towards each other

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12
Q

Define: Divergent boundaries

A

Boundaries that pulls away from each other

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13
Q

Define: Transform boundaries

A

Boundaries that slides past each other

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14
Q

Define: Subduction zones

A

One boundary goes on top of the other

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15
Q

Define: Fault lines

A

The cracks in the earth’s crust and where there’s movement

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16
Q

Define: Fold mountains

A

Mountains that are created where two or more tectonic plates push together

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17
Q

Define: Volcanoes

A

An opening or vent in the earth’s surface

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18
Q

Define: Earthquakes

A

Shaking and vibration of the earth’s crust due to the movement of the earth’s plates

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19
Q

Define: Attrition

A

Rocks collide against each other and break into smaller rocks

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20
Q

Define: Abrasion

A

Rocks collide against riverbeds/lithosphere

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21
Q

Define: Corrosion

A

(Solution) dissolved chemicals in water react with water and break down the surface

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22
Q

Define: Hydraulic action

A

The force of water against rocks and air pockets in cracks, breaking down the rocks

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23
Q

In BOLTSS, what’s B?

A

Border

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24
Q

In BOLTSS, what’s O?

A

Orientation

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25
Q

In BOLTSS, what’s L?

A

Legend

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26
Q

In BOLTSS, what’s T?

A

Title

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27
Q

In BOLTSS, what’s the first S?

A

Scale

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28
Q

In BOLTSS, what’s the second S?

A

Source

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29
Q

What are contour intervals?

A

Join places on topographic map which have the same elevation

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30
Q

What are contour lines?

A

Show areas of same height using lines

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31
Q

What are spot heights?

A

Show height using dot or small triangle with a number next to it

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32
Q

What’s the word form for scale?

A

__cm represents ____ cm

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33
Q

What are the key characteristics of a rainforest?

A

Large amount of sunlight, hot, rainfall, elevation - high or low

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34
Q

What are the key characteristics of a desert?

A

Sunlight - high or low, mostly hot, low rainfall, elevation - high or low

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35
Q

What’s economic value?

A

Use the environment to make money

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36
Q

What’s spiritual value?

A

How different people connect to the land

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37
Q

What’s aesthetic value?

A

How pleasing is it to human eye

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38
Q

What’s cultural value?

A

Activity and practise that people conduct in landscapes

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39
Q

Define: Evaporation

A

Water turn to gas (water vapour) and rises into the air

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40
Q

Define: Transpiration

A

Water is released into the air as water vapor by plants

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41
Q

Define: Infiltration

A

Water soaks into the earth

42
Q

Define: Run Off

A

Water that doesn’t soak into the earth, but flows into the rivers

43
Q

Define: Condensation

A

Water vapor turns back into a clouds

44
Q

Define: Precipitation

A

When water falls from the sky as rain, hail or snow

45
Q

Define: Water scarcity

A

Not enough water for people’s needs

46
Q

Define: Glaciers

A

Huge slow-moving ice

47
Q

Define: Groundwater

A

Water that sink and stored underground

48
Q

Define: Permafrost

A

Ground that’s completely frozen for at least 2 year

49
Q

Define: Drought

A

An area that have too less precipitation for a period of time

50
Q

Define: Flood

A

An area that have too much precipitation for a period of time

51
Q

Define: el Nino

A

Super dry weather and very less rainfall

52
Q

Define: La Nina

A

Lots of rainfall, very wet weather

53
Q

Define: Direct consumption

A

The direct water you use in everyday activities

54
Q

Define: Indirect consumption

A

The water we consume by using good and services

55
Q

What are synoptic charts?

A

A chart that summarises the weather over a big area in a period of time

56
Q

What are isobars?

A

Lines that represent the weigh of air at that exact point

57
Q

What are high-pressure systems?

A

NOT HOT – clear sky

58
Q

What are low-pressure systems?

A

NOT COLD – cloudy sky

59
Q

What are climate graphs?

A

A graph that shows temperature and precipitation

60
Q

What are choropleth maps?

A

Use colour to show the amount of certain feature

61
Q

What are cartograms?

A

Maps that reshape places to show how big the problem is

62
Q

What is latitude?

A

Invisible lines that travel left to right on maps and globes

63
Q

How does water move through the water cycle?

A

Evaporation/transpiration, condensation, transportation, precipitation, run-off/infiltration

64
Q

How much water is accessible to humans?

A

1%

65
Q

How much water is stored as surface water, groundwater, and frozen water?

A

Surface water – 1%
Ground water – 29%
Frozen water – 79%

66
Q

How ocean currents can influence levels of precipitation?

A

Cold ocean currents make the air cold which made less rainfall

67
Q

What is orographic rainfall?

A

When a barrier blocks the movement of wind

68
Q

What is a rain shadow desert?

A

A place behind the mountain where rain can’t get through

69
Q

What is a catchment?

A

An area of land that any precipitation would end up in the same river

70
Q

What are Australia’s main sources of fresh water?

A

Surface water, Ground water, Desalinated water, Recycled water

71
Q

What is a natural hazard?

A

An extreme and unnatural event

72
Q

How does el Nino creates drought conditions and what are the impacts?

A

No having rain for a long time and can’t use water for everyday use

73
Q

How does La Nina creates flooding conditions and what are the impacts?

A

Having too much rain in a period of time and it’s hard to live in shelter, traffic problems, evacuated from houses, clean up, shops have to close

74
Q

Define: Globalisation

A

The growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures and populations

75
Q

Define: Technology

A

An advanced technology that have all scientific knowledge

76
Q

Define: Transport

A

The action of moving a person or thing from one place to another

77
Q

Define: Communications

A

The act of transferring information to others

78
Q

Define: Tourism

A

When people travel to other places for leisure

79
Q

Define: Production

A

Making or manufacturing something from components or raw materials

80
Q

Define: Consumption

A

Using a resource

81
Q

Define: Culture

A

Beliefs, social and ways of a community, religious or social group

82
Q

Define: Population pyramid

A

A two bar graph that shows sex and age in a country

83
Q

How to calculate percentages?

A

The outcome times by total then times by 100

84
Q

What’s expanding population pyramid?

A

Large birth rate, high death rates (pyramid)

85
Q

What’s contracting population pyramid?

A

Stable birth rate, stable death rate (rectangle)

85
Q

What’s stationary population pyramid?

A

High life expectancy (honey cone)

86
Q

Define: Social infrastructure

A

Facilities that support social services

87
Q

Define: Employment

A

Giving people jobs

88
Q

Define: Walkability

A

How well is it to walk in an area

89
Q

Define: Housing

A

A space or building for people to live in

90
Q

Define: Green infrastructure

A

Natural spaces/areas (parks)

91
Q

Define: Ambient environment

A

An environment that affect people but people can’t effect by it

92
Q

What’s vertical aerial photo/image?

A

Taken from above

93
Q

What’s oblique aerial photo/image?

A

Taken from side view (can see horizon)

94
Q

What’s ground-level photo/image?

A

Taken from the ground

95
Q

What’s satellite photo/image?

A

Taken by satellite

96
Q

What are push factors?

A

A factor or reason which encourages someone to leave their place of residence

97
Q

What are pull factors?

A

A factor or reason which encourages people to move to that place

98
Q

What are environmental factors?

A

A factor or reason which is provided by the natural factors

99
Q

What are human factors?

A

A factor or reason which is provided by the population that lives in the area

Y8 Exam revision (5 decks)

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