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UPSC2022 > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

———- uses a person’s own stem cells for treatment, while in the allogeneic procedure, a donor donates stem cells

A

An autologous transplant

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2
Q

Recently, ISRO has started the development of ——- for power generation and thermal management of ISRO’s deep space missions. In this context, consider the following statements:

  1. It is a type of Nuclear-based power system that converts thermal energy to electrical energy through thermocouples.
  2. Plutonium-238 is used as fuel.
  3. It is used for deep space missions.
A

a Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG).

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3
Q

______ also called fullerenes, were one of the first nanoparticles discovered.

A

Buckyballs

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4
Q

Messier 87”, recently seen in the news, is:

A

a supergiant elliptical galaxy

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5
Q

……is the first large-scale multimodal neuroimaging database designed specifically for the Indian population with big-data architecture and analytics for various disease categories under one platform.

A

SWADESH

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6
Q

Blue Hydrogen is derived from natural gas through the process of

A

steam methane reforming(SMR).

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7
Q

The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded jointly to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for their discoveries of

A

receptors for temperature and touch. TRPV1 and TRPM8

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8
Q

Viral vector vaccines are relatively complex to manufacture and previous exposure to the vector could….. the effectiveness of the vaccine

A

reduce

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9
Q

….are the most primitive cells. They do not have a definite nucleus which includes bacteria and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).

A

Prokaryotic cells

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10
Q

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021 was awarded to Benjamin List and David MacMillan for the development of a precise new tool for molecular construction:

A

organocatalysis.

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11
Q

…..is the synthesis of RNA from DNA.

A

Transcription

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12
Q

The hotter air is lighter (less dense) than the cooler air above it and has a refractive index slightly… than that of the cooler air.

A

less

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13
Q

Referred to as NASA’s new eye in the sky, This Earth-observing satellite is a joint mission of NASA and the United States Geological Survey. The mission aims to study climate change and is a continuation of a series of Earth-observing spacecraft stretching back almost 50 years.

Identify the satellite system from the passage given above.

A

(a) Landsat-9

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14
Q

…..is the reciprocal of electrical conductivity. It is the measure of the ability of a material to oppose the flow of current.

A

Electrical resistivity

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15
Q

In the context of astronomy, with reference to earth, a Quasi Satellite is an

A

(a) object that orbits the Sun with orbital period similar to that of the Earth.

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16
Q

When light traveling through the air enters a different medium, such as glass or water, the speed and wavelength of light are….., although the frequency remains unaltered

A

reduced

17
Q

Nobel prize in physics

1) for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales
2) for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming”

A

1) Giorgio Parisi

2) syukuro manabe and Klaus Hasselmann

18
Q

Nobel price in chemistry

“for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis”

A

Benjamin List and David w c Macmillan

19
Q

Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine

“for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch”

A

David julius and Ardem Patapoutian

20
Q

Recently launched by SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft, the mission is the first all civilian, non government space expedition. It orbited around the Earth higher than the Hubble Telescope for 3 days. The mission is a part of an effort to raise funds for pediatric treatment and research facility that focuses on children’s catastrophic diseases, particularly leukemia and other cancers.

Identify the space mission from the passage given above.

A

(c) Inspiration4

21
Q

Every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force that is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to

A

the square of the distance between them.

22
Q

R.H. will be…. when the dew point and the ambient temperature are the same.

A

100%

At dew point air will be at its maximum capacity to hold moisture and hence Relative Humidity will be 100%

23
Q

Being India’s first privately developed cryogenic rocket engine. It is completely 3D printed. The engine developed by a Hyderabad-based start-up Skyroot Aerospace uses Liquid Natural gas (LNG) and Liquid Oxygen (LoX) as propellants.

Identify the system from the passage given above.

A

Dhawan-1

24
Q

The…system is one of the largest domestic communication satellite systems in Asia-Pacific region with most of the operational communication satellites placed in Geo-stationary orbit/Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit. Established in 1983

A

Indian National Satellite (INSAT)

25
Q

…is meant for distant class room education from school level to higher education. This was the first dedicated “Educational Satellite” that provide the country with satellite based two way communication to class room for delivering educational materials.

A

GSAT-3, known as EDUSAT

26
Q

Which of the following rays or radiations are used in thermal imaging?

A

Infrared radiation

27
Q

The habitable zone, or…., is a band around every star (shown here in green) where astronomers have calculated that temperatures are just right — not too hot, not too cold — for liquid water to pool on the surface of an Earth-like world

A

Goldilocks zone

28
Q

It is an intermediate state of matter between solid and liquid.

A

super ionic state

29
Q

is the fourth state of matter (beyond the conventional solids, liquids and gases). It is an ionized gas consisting of approximately equal numbers of positively and negatively charged particles.

A

Plasma

30
Q

In condensed matter physics,….. is a state of matter that is typically formed when a gas of bosons at low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero.

A

a Bose–Einstein condensate

31
Q

are the practice of sending fraudulent communications that appear to come from a reputable source.

A

Phishing attacks

32
Q

…refers to the collection of a user’s private information, across multiple platforms (including social media) by an unauthorized individual, who then publishes the information in an attempt to shame or embarrass the user.

A

Doxxing

33
Q

In the context of astronomy, Hycean planets are planets

.

A

with large oceans and hydrogen rich atmosphere

34
Q

are rotating neutron stars observed to have pulses of radiation at very regular intervals that typically range from milliseconds to seconds.

A

Pulsars

35
Q

At present,…. are the only two dedicated satellites for the Indian armed forces.
The launch of the GSAT-7B satellite will end the dependency of the Indian Navy on foreign satellites for communication services.

A

GSAT-7 and GSAT-7A

36
Q

the surface of human cells is an enzyme called…., which acts as the receptor that enables SARS-CoV2 to launch its attack.

A

ACE2

37
Q

The experimental research on black holes using gravitational waves expanded following the second detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO detector. After the success of the LISA Pathfinder experiment,…..project is a plan of setting into space three spacecraft, a mother and two daughter spacecraft, which will fly in a triangular formation, trailing the earth in its orbit around the sun at a distance of over 50 million km.

A

the evolved Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA)

38
Q

uranium in which the percent composition of….. has been increased through the process of isotope separation

A

uranium-235 (written 235U)

UPSC2022 (8 decks)

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