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1st quarter test > science > Flashcards

science Flashcards

1
Q

hard and rigid, outermost and thinniest layer

A

crust

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2
Q

located directly below the crust

A

mantle

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3
Q

what are the 2 regions of mantle?

A

upper and lower

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4
Q

extremely hot, solid sphere of mostly nickel and iron into the center of the earth

A

inner core

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5
Q

only liquid layer of the earth

A

outer core

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6
Q

what is the name of alfred wegener’s book?

A

The origin of continents and oceans

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7
Q

what is the meaning of “pangea”

A

“all of the earth”

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8
Q

what was our continent called when it was still a single landmass?

A

pangea

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9
Q

at what year did pangea started to break into 2 parts? And what is the name of those 2, and state their location

A

200 million years ago, laurasia in the north and gondwana in the south

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10
Q

at what year did gondwana and laurasia split further?

A

135 million years ago

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11
Q

the lithosphere is broken into several large stabs that are called?

A

plates

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12
Q

the type of crust that underlies the continents are called?

A

Continental crust

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13
Q

the type of crust that is found under the oceans is called?

A

oceanic crust

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14
Q

the border between the two tectonic plates are called?

A

boundary

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15
Q

occurs where two plates are pushing towards each other

A

convergent boundary

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16
Q

the plates that are moving apart from each other

A

divergent boundary

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17
Q

occurs when two plates slides past each other

A

transform boundary

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18
Q

during these years, our continents was still joined together, when is that year?

A

250 million years ago

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19
Q

Who hypothesized Gondwana and when did that person hypothesized gondwana??

A

Eduard Seuss, mid-1800s

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20
Q

Who hypothesized Gondwana and when did that person hypothesized gondwana??

A

Eduard Seuss, mid-1800s

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21
Q

What are the different continents of gondwana today?

A

Africa, antartica, south amerca, australia, subcontinents of india

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22
Q

what are the continents of laurasia? who said that laurasia was a precursor continent? when did that person say it?

A

asia, europe and north america. south african geologist Alexander du toit, 1927

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23
Q

Pangea was surrounded by a single ocean called what?

A

Phantalasa

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24
Q

made up of micro-continent which collide with gondwana

A

euramerica

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25
Q

have parts of north america in it were combined with euramerica. What continent is this?

A

Larentia

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26
Q

a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates

A

plate tectonics

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27
Q

known as father of the continental drift theory

A

alfred wegener

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28
Q

what was the book “the origin of continents and oceans” about and when was it published

A

About the beginning of modern plate tectonics, on 1915

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29
Q

why was alfred wegener’s theory was not really widely accepted at first?

A

because the theory cannot further explain on why the plates are moving

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30
Q

a geological process in which the tectonic plates split apart from each other

A

seafloor spreading

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31
Q

who published “the history of ocean basins”? and when was it published

A

Harry Hess, 1962

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32
Q

how many major tectonics do we have? and they consist of how many primary plates and how manu smaller plates?

A

15 major tectonic plates, 7 primary plates, 8 smaller plates

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33
Q

what are the 7 primary plates

A

north american plate, pacific plate, antartic plate, south american plate, african plate, eurasian plate, australian plate

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34
Q

what are the 8 secondary plates?

A

philippine sea plate, juan de fuca plate, cocos plate, nazca plate, carribean plate, scotia plate, arabian plate, indian plate

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35
Q

a series of mountains or hill ranged in a line and connected by high ground

A

mountain range

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36
Q

a series of mountain ranges with similarity in structure

A

mountain belt

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37
Q

is formed due to the oozing up of materials along a divergent plate boundary

A

mid oceanic ridge

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38
Q

where is the mountain ranges and oceanic ranges located?

A

near the plate boundary

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38
Q

where is the mountain ranges and oceanic ranges located?

A

near the plate boundary

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39
Q

on what year did alfred wegener proposed the continental drfit

A

1912

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40
Q

is a n opening in the earth’s crust through which lava, volcanic ash, and gases escape.

A

volcano

41
Q

frequented by geologic activities and others associated phenoma such as volcanic eruptions, eathquakes, faultings and tsunamis among others.

A

pacific ring of fire

42
Q

what are the two types of forces?

A

driving force and resisting force

43
Q

these either push tectonic plates towards one another or pull them apart

A

driving forces

44
Q

these act against the driving forces of plate tectonics?

A

resisting forces

45
Q

what are the different types of driving force

A

mantle convection, slab pull, slab suction, ridge push

46
Q

is caused by the rising heat from the core toward the mantle

A

mantel/thermal convection

47
Q

drives the plates away from each other (mechanisms)

A

convection currents

48
Q

it occurs when a subducting slab sinks into the mantle because of a difference in temperature?

A

slab pull

49
Q

it occurs when the lithosphere is pushed up by the asthenosphere because of convection currents from the mantle.

A

ridge push

50
Q

what is the difference between ridge push and slab pull?

A

in slab pull the gravity is pulling the front part of the plate, in ridge push it is forcing movement on the back end

51
Q

happens between two colliding plates, one subducting underneath the other, whereby convection currents in the upper mantle stuck both plates down.

A

slab/trench suction

52
Q

what are the driving forces on which gravity helps them to push or pull

A

ridge push and slab pull

53
Q

what are the three types of resisting forces?

A

slab resistance, collisional resistance, transform fault resistance

54
Q

“It is the force that resist all forces associated with plate movement in subduction zones.

A

slab resistance

55
Q

It occurs when a heavy plate is pulled into the mantle but resist subduction because of friction.

A

COLLISIONAL RESISTANCE

56
Q

It is the frictional force due to the opposing movement of plates moving past one another between two spreading centers

A

TRANSFORM FAULT RESISTANCE.”

57
Q

what are the things that divergent boundaries can form?

A

New ocean floor
mid -oceanic ridges
Rift valleys

58
Q

if one plate moves underneath the other.

A

subduction zone

59
Q

if the two plates simply collide or compress.

A

orogenic belt

60
Q

what are the three kinds of convergence?

A

Oceanic-oceanic collision
Oceanic-continental collision
Continental-continental collision

61
Q

VOLCANIC ISLAND, TRENCH and UNDERWATER VOLCANOES are formed

A

oceanic-oceanic collision

62
Q

As the denser oceanic plate subducts beneath the continental plate and descents into the mantle, the temperature increases causing the rocks to what?

A

to melt and form magma.

63
Q

VOLCANIC MOUNTAINS, VOLCANOES and TRENCHES are formed

A

oceanic continental collision

64
Q

what happens when two continental plates collide?

A

no subduction happens. Instead the continents unite themselves

65
Q

refers to the shaking of the earth as a result of the breaking or shifting of the rocks of the tectonic plates.

A

earthquake

66
Q

occur because of the pressure underneath Earth’s crust that pushes blocks of rocks to move along fault lines.

A

earthquakes

67
Q

these are formed when molten rick (magma) deep within the earth erupts, and piles upon the surface

A

volcanic mountain ranges

68
Q

what is magma called when it breaks through the earth’s crust

A

lava

69
Q

what kind of mountain or mountain ranges are Moana Loa in hawaii and mt. fuji in japan

A

Volcanic mountain range

70
Q

these mountain ranges do not form because of earth’s internal activity but because of rock erosion or weathering

A

erosion-formed mountain ranges

70
Q

these mountain ranges do not form because of earth’s internal activity but because of rock erosion or weathering

A

erosion-formed mountain ranges

71
Q

what kind of mountain or mountain range is The appalachian plateu in eastern united states

A

erosion-formed mountain ranges

72
Q

result from the upwarping of tectonic plates and are not accompanied by the collision of plate boundaries

A

Dome mountain ranges

73
Q

What kind of mountain or mountain are adirondack mountains in new york and half dome in sierra nevada

A

dome mountain ranges

73
Q

What kind of mountain or mountain are adirondack mountains in new york and half dome in sierra nevada

A

dome mountain ranges

74
Q

these are formed by large crustal blocks when forces in the earth’s crust, pull it apart

A

fault block mountain ranges

75
Q

what kind of mountain or mountain range does the teton range in wyoming in usa and marinduque mountains in the philippines belong to?

A

fault block mountain ranges

76
Q

a large landform that rises well above the ground and have steep slopes and a peek general higher than a hill

A

mountain

77
Q

how do mountains and mountain ranges form?

A

because of the different forces of the earth. (orogenesis)

78
Q

it refers to the process of forming mountain and mountain ranges

A

orogenesis

79
Q

formed through plate convergence

A

fold mountains

80
Q

when a continental plate is subducted beneath another continental plate, the immense forces of compression fold the crust to develop mountain ranges.

A

fold mountains

81
Q

when a continental plate is subducted beneath another continental plate, the immense forces of compression fold the crust to develop mountain ranges.

A

fold mountains

82
Q

formed after the indian and tibetian plate collided

A

the himalayas in asia

83
Q

can also form when an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental plate

A

mountain ranges

84
Q

remains of traces of plant and animal life, usually preserved in rocks or sediments

A

fossils

85
Q

remains of traces of plant and animal life, usually preserved in rocks or sediments

A

fossils

86
Q

where was glossopteris found?

A

south africa, australia and india

87
Q

what is a glossopteris?

A

fossils of a seed fern

88
Q

how did the fern grow in such a widely seperated continents?

A

scientist explained that at one time, these plants grew on a single landmass then broke apart

89
Q

a pre-historic reptile that swam in freshwater ponds, lakes and rivers

A

Mesosaurus

90
Q

Where was the fossils of mesosaurus found?

A

South america and africa

91
Q

How could they swam thousands of kilometers across the antlantic ocean? ?

A

scientist explained that the animals lived in one landmass, then the landmass separated and some animals were left on each part

92
Q

an extinct mammal-like reptile

A

cynogathus

93
Q

what does the name cynogathus mean?

A

dog jaw

94
Q

was as large as a modern wolf and lived during the early mid triassic period (250-240 million years ago)

A

cynogathus

95
Q

where was cynogathus found?

A

south africa and south america

96
Q

what does the name lystrosaurus mean?

A

shovel reptile

97
Q

was dominant on land in the early triassic, 250 million years ago

A

lystrosaurus

98
Q

it is thought to have been herbivourous and grew to approximately one meter in length with a stocky build like a pig

A

lystrosaurus

99
Q

where was the fossils of lystrosaurus found?

A

antartica, india and south africa

1st quarter test (9 decks)

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