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Science Flashcards

1
Q

Retina

A

the sensory membrane that lines the eye

is composed of several layers including one containing the rods and cones

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2
Q

Retina

A

the sensory membrane that lines the eye

is composed of several layers including one containing the rods and cones

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3
Q

Choroid

A

a vascular membrane containing large branched pigmented cells that lies between the retina and the sclera of the vertebrate eye

also called choroid coat

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4
Q

Sclera

A

the dense fibrous opaque white outer coat enclosing the eyeball except the part covered by the cornea

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5
Q

Vitreous Humor

A

the clear colorless transparent jelly that fills the eyeball posterior to the lens

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6
Q

Hyaloid Canal

A

a small transparent canal running through the vitreous body from the optical nerve disc to the lens

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7
Q

Fovea

A

a small fossa

a small rodless area of the retina that affords acute vision

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8
Q

Optic Disc

A

optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve

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9
Q

Optic Nerve

A

transmits visual information fromt he retina to the brain

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10
Q

Scoliosis

A

a lateral curvature of the spine

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11
Q

Osteoporosis

A

a condition that affects especially older women and is characterized by decrease i bone mass with decrease density and enlargement of bone spaces producing porosity and fragility

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12
Q

Spinal Column

A

the axial skeleton of a vertebrate that consists of an articulated series of vertebrae which extend from the neck to the tail and protect the spinal cord

also called backbone

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13
Q

Metatarsals

A

being the part of the human foot or of the hind foot in quadrupeds between the tarsus and the phalanges that in humans compromises five elongated bones which for the front of the instep and ball of the foot

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14
Q

Fibula

A

the outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and ankle in the hind or lower limbs of vertebrates

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15
Q

Tibia

A

the inner and usually larger of the two bones of the vertebrate hind or lower limb between the knee and ankle

the fourth joint of the led of an insect between the femur and tarsus

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16
Q

Patella

A

a thick flat triangular movable bone that forms the anterior point of the knee and protects the form of the joint

also called kneecap

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17
Q

Femur

A

the proximal bone of the hind or lower limb, that extends from the hip to the knee

also called thighbone

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18
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

a bony cartilaginous arch that supports the hind limbs of a vertebrate

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19
Q

Ulna

A

the bone on the little-finger side of the human forearm

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20
Q

Humerus

A

the long bone of the upper arm or forelimb extending from the shoulder to the elbow

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21
Q

Sternum

A

a compound central bone or cartilage of most vertebrates other than fishes that connects the ribs or the shoulder girdle or both and in humans consists of the manubrium, gladiolus, and xiphoid process

also called breastbone

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22
Q

Scapula

A

either of a pair of large triangular bones lting one in each dorsal lateral part of the thorax, being the principal bone of the corresponding clavicle or coracoid

also called shoulder blade

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23
Q

Manubrium

A

an anatomical process or part shaped like a handle

process that bears the mouth of a hydrozoan

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24
Q

Clavicle

A

a bone of hte vertebrate pectoral girdle typically serving to link the scapula and sternum

also called collarbone

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25
Q

Mandible

A

jaw

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26
Q

Skull (Cranium)

A

the part that encloses the brain

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27
Q

Choroid

A

a vascular membrane containing large branched pigmented cells that lies between the retina and the sclera of the vertebrate eye

also called choroid coat

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28
Q

Sclera

A

the dense fibrous opaque white outer coat enclosing the eyeball except the part covered by the cornea

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29
Q

Vitreous Humor

A

the clear colorless transparent jelly that fills the eyeball posterior to the lens

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30
Q

Hyaloid Canal

A

a small transparent canal running through the vitreous body from the optical nerve disc to the lens

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31
Q

Fovea

A

a small fossa

a small rodless area of the retina that affords acute vision

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32
Q

Optic Disc

A

optic nerve head is the location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve

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33
Q

Optic Nerve

A

transmits visual information fromt he retina to the brain

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34
Q

Scoliosis

A

a lateral curvature of the spine

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35
Q

Osteoporosis

A

a condition that affects especially older women and is characterized by decrease i bone mass with decrease density and enlargement of bone spaces producing porosity and fragility

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36
Q

Spinal Column

A

the axial skeleton of a vertebrate that consists of an articulated series of vertebrae which extend from the neck to the tail and protect the spinal cord

also called backbone

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37
Q

Metatarsals

A

being the part of the human foot or of the hind foot in quadrupeds between the tarsus and the phalanges that in humans compromises five elongated bones which for the front of the instep and ball of the foot

How well did you know this?
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38
Q

Fibula

A

the outer and usually smaller of the two bones between the knee and ankle in the hind or lower limbs of vertebrates

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39
Q

Tibia

A

the inner and usually larger of the two bones of the vertebrate hind or lower limb between the knee and ankle

the fourth joint of the led of an insect between the femur and tarsus

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40
Q

Patella

A

a thick flat triangular movable bone that forms the anterior point of the knee and protects the form of the joint

also called kneecap

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41
Q

Femur

A

the proximal bone of the hind or lower limb, that extends from the hip to the knee

also called thighbone

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42
Q

Pelvic Girdle

A

a bony cartilaginous arch that supports the hind limbs of a vertebrate

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43
Q

Ulna

A

the bone on the little-finger side of the human forearm

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44
Q

Humerus

A

the long bone of the upper arm or forelimb extending from the shoulder to the elbow

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45
Q

Sternum

A

a compound central bone or cartilage of most vertebrates other than fishes that connects the ribs or the shoulder girdle or both and in humans consists of the manubrium, gladiolus, and xiphoid process

also called breastbone

46
Q

Scapula

A

either of a pair of large triangular bones lting one in each dorsal lateral part of the thorax, being the principal bone of the corresponding clavicle or coracoid

also called shoulder blade

47
Q

Manubrium

A

an anatomical process or part shaped like a handle

process that bears the mouth of a hydrozoan

48
Q

Clavicle

A

a bone of hte vertebrate pectoral girdle typically serving to link the scapula and sternum

also called collarbone

49
Q

Mandible

A

jaw

50
Q

Skull (Cranium)

A

the part that encloses the brain

51
Q

abiotic

A

an environmental factor not associated with the activities of living organisms

52
Q

acceleration

A

rate of change in velocity, usually expressed in meters per second; involves an increase or decrease in speed and/or a change in direction

53
Q

air resistance

A

force of air on moving objects

54
Q

allele

A

any of two or more alternate forms of a gene that an organism mat have for a particular trait

55
Q

amplitude

A

in any periodic function the maximum absolute variation of the function

56
Q

asexual reproduction

A

a form of reproduction in which new individuals are formed without the involvement of gametes

57
Q

biodiversity

A

the existence of a wide range of different species in a given area or specific period of time

58
Q

biotic

A

factors in an environment relating to, caused by, or produced by living organisms

59
Q

calorie

A

unit of energy; the amount of heat needed to raise one gram of water one degree Celsius at standard atmospheric pressure

60
Q

chemical weathering

A

the breakdown and alteration of rocks at or near Earth’s surface as a result of chemical processes

61
Q

circuit

A

an interconnection of electrical elements forming a complete path for the flow of current

62
Q

conduction

A

the transmission of heat through a medium and without the motion of the medium

63
Q

conservation of energy

A

a fundamental principle stating energy cannot be created nor destroyed but only changed from one form to another

64
Q

convection

A

heat transfer in a gas or liquid by the circulation of currents from one region to another

65
Q

crest

A

the peak or highest point on a wave

66
Q

crust

A

outermost layer of earth covering the mantle

67
Q

dependent variable

A

factor being measured or observed in an experiment

68
Q

deposition

A

the process by which sediment is carried by forces (e.g. wind, rain or water currents) and left in a certain area

69
Q

diffraction

A

the change in direction of a wave caused by passing by an obstacle or traveling through an opening

70
Q

dominance

A

tendency of certain (dominant) alleles to mask the expression of their corresponding (recessive) alleles

71
Q

ecosystem

A

an ecological community, together with its environment, functioning as a unit

72
Q

efficiency

A

the relative effectiveness of a system or device determined by comparing input and output

73
Q

electromagnetic

A

radiation the emission and propagation of the entire range of electromagnetic spectrum including :gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, microwaves, and radio waves

74
Q

electron

A

a combination of natural processes in which materials from Earth’s surface are loosened, dissolved, or worn away and transported form one place to another

75
Q

fossil fuels

A

the remains of animal or plant life from past geologic ages that are now in a form suitable for use as a fuel (e.g., oil, coal, or natural gas)

76
Q

frequency

A

the numer of cycles or waves per unit time

77
Q

gene

A

a specific part of a chromosome or sequence of DNA that determines a particular feature or characteristic in an organism

78
Q

heterozygous

A

cell or organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait

79
Q

homozygous

A

cell or organism that has identical rather that different alleles for a particular trait

80
Q

independent

A

variable the factor that is changed in an experiment in order to study changes in the dependent variable

81
Q

inertia

A

the property of an object, due to its mass, by which it resists any change in its position unless overcome by force

82
Q

magnetic field

A

the region where magnetic force exists around magnets or electric currents

83
Q

mass

A

the amount of matter an object contains

84
Q

meiosis

A

the process of nuclear division in cells during which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half

85
Q

mitosis

A

a process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells during which the nucleus of a cell divides into two nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes

86
Q

neap

A

tide a twice-monthly tide of minimal range that occurs when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are at right angles to each other, thus decreasing the total tidal force exerted on Earth

87
Q

neutral

A

a particle, object, or system that lacks a net charge

88
Q

neutron

A

a subatomic particle having zero charge, found in the nucleus of an atom

89
Q

nucleus

A

the center region of an atom where protons and neutrons are located; also a cell structure that contains the cell’s genetic material

90
Q

ocean

A

basin a depression on the surface of Earth occupied by water plate tectonics theory of global dynamics in which Earth’s crust is divided into a smaller number of large, rigid plates whose movements cause seismic activity along their borders

91
Q

potential energy

A

energy stored in an object due to the object’s configuration and position

92
Q

pressure

A

the force exerted per unit area

93
Q

prism

A

a piece of glass with polished plane surfaces that disperses a beam of white light into its component colors

94
Q

proton

A

a subatomic particle having a positive charge and which is found in the nucleus of an atom

95
Q

Punnett square

A

a graphic checkboard used to determined results from a particular genetic ross

96
Q

radiation

A

emission of energy in the form of rays or waves

97
Q

recessive

A

an allele for a trait that will be masked unless the organism is homozygous for this trait

98
Q

screw

A

a type of simple machine that consists of an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder

99
Q

sexual reproduction

A

reproduction involving the union of gametes producing an offspring with traits from both parents

100
Q

spectroscope

A

an instrument that uses a prism to separate and catalog light wavelengths

101
Q

speed

A

amount of distance traveled divided by time takes’ the time-rate at which ant physical process takes place

102
Q

spring tide

A

the tide or increased range that occurs twice monthly at the new and full phases of the Moon

103
Q

thermal energy

A

internal energy found by adding the kinetic energy of particles making up a substance

104
Q

tropism

A

the motion of an organism or part of an organism toward or away from an external stimulus

105
Q

trough

A

the lowest point on a wave

106
Q

variable

A

an event, condition, or factor that can be changed or controlled in order to study or test a hypothesis in a scientific experiment

107
Q

displacement

A

divided by the time of travel

108
Q

vibration

A

a repetitive movement around an equilibrium point

109
Q

virus

A

a noncellular, disease-causing particle that uses the genetic material from its host to reproduce

110
Q

wavelength

A

the distance between crests of a wave

111
Q

wedge

A

a type of simple machine that consists of an inclined plane used to separate two objects

112
Q

wheel and axle

A

a type of simple machine that consists of a rod driven through the center of a cylinder that is allowed to rotate freely, yielding a mechanical advantage equal to the cylinder’s diameter

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