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Chemistry 20 > Science 10 review > Flashcards

Science 10 review Flashcards

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0
Q

What does MSDS stand for

A

Material safety data sheet

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1
Q

What does WHMIS stand for?

A

Workplace hazardous materials information system

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2
Q

Why has WHMIS been developed?

A

To provide guidelines for handling, storage, and disposal of reactive materials

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3
Q

What are electrons? Where are they found?

A

Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles

they are found in a cloud region around the nucleus

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4
Q

What are protons? where are they found?

A

Protons positively charged subatomic particles

they are found inside the nucleus

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5
Q

What are neutrons? Where are they found?

A

Neutrons are neutrally charged subatomic particles found in the nucleus

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6
Q

How do you get mass number?

A

protons + #neutrons

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7
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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8
Q

How is the periodic table arranged?

A

Groups (columns) and periods (rows)

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9
Q

What does group number signify?

A

The number of outer level (valence) electrons

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10
Q

What does period number signify?

A

The number of energy levels occupied by electrons

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11
Q

What are the maximum number of electrons in each level

A

Two, eight, eight, eighteen

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12
Q

Are atoms negatively or positively charged?

A

Neither, atoms are electrically neutral. the number of protons equals the number of electrons

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14
Q

When are neutral atoms unstable?

A

When their valence level is not full

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15
Q

Do metals gain or lose electrons?

Do they become positive or negative ions?

A

Lose electrons

Positive ions

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16
Q

Do nonmetals gain or lose electrons?

Do they become positive or negative ions?

A

Gain electrons

Negative ions

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17
Q

How do you name an ionic compound?

Formula to name

A

Name the first ion with the charge in brackets if multivalent
Then name the second ion with “ide” ending

18
Q

How do you formulate an ionic name?

Name to formula

A

Write the symbol for each ion, then add subscripts to balance the charges

19
Q

How is water represented in hydrated compounds?

How do you go from formula to name?

A

•xH2O

Prefix + “hydrate”

20
Q

How do you name molecular compounds?

A

Prefix + first element

prefix + second element-ide

21
Q

How do you identify an acid?

A

Always aqueous and always have hydrogen

22
Q

What are ions?

A

Particles or groups of particles that have a net charge (either positive or negative)

23
Q

What is the octet rule?

A

The octet rule states that atoms will strive to have a full valence level

24
Q

How do you get the number of electrons in an ion?

A

E = #P - charge

25
Q

What is a monoatomic?
What is diatomic?
What is polyatomic?

A

Monoatomic atoms exist as single atoms
Diatomic atoms exist as two atoms
Polyatomic atoms exist as more than two atoms

26
Q

What are the possible states for acids?

A

Always aqueous

27
Q

What are the possible states for elements?

A

Can be solid liquid or gas

Check periodic table

28
Q

What are the possible states for molecular compounds?

A

Can be solid liquid or gas

Check periodic table

29
Q

What are the possible states for ionic compounds?

A

If not in solution it is solid

If in solution, check solubility chart

30
Q

What is endothermic

What is exothermic

A

Endothermic means absorbs energy

Exothermic means releases energy

31
Q

What is a hydrocarbon combustion reaction?

A

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen reacts with oxygen to create carbon dioxide gas and water vapor

32
Q

What is a simple composition reaction

A

An element an element form a compound

33
Q

What is a simple decomposition reaction?

A

A compound breaks down into its elements

34
Q

What is a single replacement reaction?

A

An element and a compound react to form another element and another compound
If the element is a metal it replaces the metal in the compound
If the element is a nonmetal replaces the nonmetal in the compound

35
Q

What is a double replacement reaction?

A

Two compounds react to create two other compounds

36
Q

What is the law of conservation of matter?

A

The law of conservation of matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change forms

37
Q

What digits are significant?
What are trailing zeros? Are they significant?
What are sandwich zeros? Are they significant?
What are leading zeros? Are they significant?

A

Any digit from 1 to 9 is significant
Trailing zeros are zeros after a number. they are significant
Sandwich zeros are zeros between the number. they are significant
Leading zeros are zeros before a number. They are not significant

38
Q

I counted objects and constants included In sig digs?

A

No

39
Q

When do you round using significant digits?

When do you round using decimal places?

A

Round to the lowest number of significant digits when multiplying or dividing
Round to the lowest number of decimal places when adding or subtracting

40
Q

How much is a mole?

A

6.02 x 10^23

41
Q

What is the formula for mole/mass calculations?

A

m=nM
n=m/M

n= moles in mol
m= mass in g
M= molar mass in g/mol

Chemistry 20 (5 decks)

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