Science 10 - Biology Flashcards
What is a Food Web?
A series of interlocking food chains. Unlike Food Chains, it can show omnivores.
What is a Food Chain?
A series of consecutive species which refers from energy flow.
What direction does energy flow from (concerning Food Chains)?
Left to Right.
Arrows must point to whoever is receiving the energy.
What is an Ecosystem?
An area/habitat that allows life and involves an array of organisms (and their population).
What is Biodiversity?
An ecosystem’s count of organism types.
High : Many Organisms
Low : Small Count of Organisms
What is an Omnivore?
An organism that eats both meat and plants. (Heterotroph)
ex: Human
What is an Carnivore?
An organism that strictly eats meat.
What is an Herbivore?
An organism that strictly eats plants.
What are Trophic Levels?
Position of an organism in energy flow.
What are the first, second, third, and fourth trophic levels (in order)?
First : Producer
Second : Primary Consumer
Third : Secondary Consumer
Fourth : Tertiary Consumer
What are Detritus?
Organisms which are from the decomposer family.
What is the Grazer Food Chain?
The food chain which consists of herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.
What are the types of Density?
Dependent and Independent.
What is Dependent Density?
Has controllable circumstances.
What is Independent Density
Has uncontrollable circumstances.
What are the Limits of Tolerance? (2)
Law of Minimum: The nutrients in least supply limits growth.
Law of Tolerance: Organisms can tolerate a bunch of abiotic factors.
What are the Laws of Thermodynamics? (2)
1) Energy (while transferring) can be changed. It cannot be created or destroyed.
2) Energy will be lost while transforming. This will most likely be thermal energy. However, there is energy which cannot be used.
What is a Niche?
An organism’s place in the food chain. Where it eats, sleeps, breeds, and the time it is most active.
Understand : Matter Recycling
All matter is recycled.
ex: Bunny eats > Waste Products of Bunny > Goes Back into Soil
ex (2): Bunny eats > Is eaten > Reminder of Corpse is Absorbed by Soil
Organic VS. Non - Organic
Organic : Is Carbon and Hydrogen.
Non - Organic : Does not contain strictly carbon and hydrogen.
Understand : Bioamplification
The concentration of a pesticide getting into a population due to consumption.
Why are the top of the food chain at risk for Bioamplification?
The concentration is more concentrated due to their prey having high amounts of that certain pesticide.
What is Fat - Soluble?
Only dissolves in fat.
What is Water - Soluble?
Only dissolves in water.
What are the risks for Pesticide?
Too hard to trace and can kill more than intended.
What are the benefits of Pesticides?
Easy application, kills intended pest, and hard to trace.
Why do pesticides come in low doses?
The intended pest can develop immunity in their population.
Understand : Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis occurs when a plant has enough sunlight and water to create sugars and nutrients. A plant breathes CO2 and exhales Oxygen.
What combo creates photosynthesis?
Water + Carbon
What combo creates cellular respiration?
Water + Oxygen
What is an Open Population?
Natialty (birthrate), Mortality (death rate), Immigration (coming in), and Emigration (coming out).
What is a Closed Population?
Natialty (birthrate) and Mortality (death rate).
What is Mass Extinction?
The killing of many organisms on a global scale.
What is Linear Growth Rate?
Steady growth of a population.
What is Exponential Growth Rate?
An explosion in a population.
What is Rapid Growth Rate?
Increasing numbers of a population.
What is Declining Growth Rate?
Decreasing numbers of population.
What is Stable Growth Rate?
A population which is stable.
What is Population?
The number of organisms in an area.
What is an Ecotone?
The area between two different ecosystems.
What is a Natural Ecosystem?
An ecosystem made by nature.
What is a Artificial Ecosystem?
An ecosystem which was made by humans.
What is Abiotic?
Non - Living organism.
What is Biotic?
Living organism.
What is Habitat?
The conditions for survival of species.
What is Community?
The organisms count under an ecosystem.
What is Vulnerable?
An organism which has declining numbers.
What is Threatened?
In fear of being endangered if circumstances does not change.
What is Extirpated?
The organism is no longer found in a large area.
What is Endangered?
In fear of being extirpated or extinct.
What is Extinction?
No more of the species exist.
In order, what is the names on the table of animals risks? (Low to High)
Vulnerable, threatened, extirpated, endangered and extinction.
What is the Albedo Effect?
The measurement of sunlight’s reflection of an object (ex: snow).
What is the Pyramid of Energy?
Energy will be the main focus.
What is the Pyramid of Numbers?
The number count (population) will be the main focus.
What is the Pyramid of Biomass?
The dry - mass of organisms will be the main focus.
What is an Introduced Species?
A species which is introduced by humans.
What is an Invasive Species?
Species that were not intended to procreate at an area.
What is Bacteria?
A single cell organism, which can cause disease.
What is a Pest?
An unwanted organism.
What is Ecology?
The study of ecosystems.
What is a Producer?
The first in line in the food chain. (Autotroph)
What is a Heterotroph?
An organism that eats other organisms.
What is a Autotroph?
Makes their food.
