Science 01 Flashcards
Most of the cosmic rays contain which atom fragments
Atomic nuclei. Hydrogen nuclei, helium nuclei
The law of conservation of mass can be broken in certain conditions like
Nuclear fusion
Uses of superconductors
MRI scanners E bombs Maglev trains Particle accelerators
DNA snarls are prevented by which enzyme
Topoisomerases
Give examples of leptons
Electron Electron neutrino Tau Tau neutrino Muon Muon neutrino
Subatomic particles are broadly classified as two types
Those that form matter Those that carry forces
Who were the three famous librarians of Alexandria
Dimitrios of Phaleron Callimachus of Cyrene Eratosthenes
Name three elements with a single electron in its outer shell
Lithium Sodium Potassium
What is a non Newtonian liquid
The viscosity of a non Newtonian liquid varies depending on the amount of force applied
Who first discovered carbon dioxide
Joseph Black
What is matter
Anything that takes up space and has mass
Give examples of Bosons
Photon Gluon W+ boson W- boson Z boson Higgs boson
Do human and mammals have the enzymes to break the structural polysaccharide
No
Science has so far discovered how many elements
114
80% of all known elements in the periodic table are
Metals
Change of state from plasma to gas
Recombination
What are the five states of matter
Solids Liquids Gaseous Plasma Bose-Einstein condensate
How are atoms arranged in a crystalline form
Arranged in a pattern
What is the military version of the CDC
USAMRIID
What is anti freeze
Substance added to water to prevent water from freezing. The antifreeze has a freezing point much below the freezing point of water
What would happen if superfluid helium was stirred
It would spin forever
When carbon dioxide gas is frozen to -78.5c it turns to
Solid
What happens to the atoms and molecules at absolute zero temp
They do not move at all
Glucose has two configurations
Emil configuration Howarth configuration
What is the distance of the earth from the sun
149.6 million kilometers
Olive oil has a viscosity of
80 centipoises
Fertiliser from the sky
When. It roger combines with oxygen during a lightening and the compound is rained down on earth
Solids. One in two forms, name them
Crystalline form Amorphous form
Is silicon as abundant on our planet as carbon
No
What is density
Ratio of mass over volume
The strong nuclear force is carried by
Gluons
What is melting point
Solids turning into liquids
In the periodic table the vertical column is called the
Groups
On earth where are the plasma state found
Lightening, electrical storm Fluorescent light bulbs Plasma TV
Example of deposition
Water vapour as frost
Hadrons are further divided into
Composite fermions…baryons Composite bosons…mesons
Famous science Nobel laureates who were womanisers
Einstein Schrodinger James Watson
What determines the volume of a gas
It’s not the size but the number of gas molecules
Knot theory has two concepts
Knots and tangles
Where is most of the hydrogen on earth located
Water
Water has a viscosity of how much at 27c
1
99% of all matter in the universe is made up of
Plasma
In the year 1543 two great books on science were published
Andreas Vesalius ..Fabrica Copernicus,s book
What is the contribution of China to science
Paper Printing Compass Gunpowder
The scientist who spoke very very little
Henry Cavendish
Name the rare form of diamond which is the hardest solid known
Lonsdaleite
Who did Marie Lavoisier marry after the death of her husband
Benjamin Thompson aka count of rumford
What is Piezoelectricity
When some crystals are squeezed they release electricity
Who discovered Nitrogen
Henry Cavendish
Change of state from gas to plasma
Ionisation
Two famous followers of Andreas Vesalius
Gabriello Fallopio Heironymous fabricus
In the pure form are most of the metals strong or weak
Weak
Storage polysaccharide are
Alpha glucose
What is supercooled water
Water whose temperature is below the freezing point but still in liquid state
What is nonsense mutation
Interfering with the stop codon
Who was the scientist to first make the connection between heat and motion
Benjamin Thompson
Name three scientists who had independently worked out the INVERSE SQUARE LAW
Halley Hooke Wren
What is the active ingredient in pepper
Piperine
What is a geological map
A map that shows strata that lies beneath the surface
Composite particles are known as
Hadrons
The standard version of the quantum theory is also known as the
Copenhagen interpretation
What is amber
Fossilised tree resin
Which scientist was known as THE RICHEST OF THE WISE AND THE WISEST OF THE RICH
Henry Cavendish
Aristotles fathered was the court physician to which king
Amyntas III
What is superheated water
Water whose temperature is above boiling point but still in liquids state.
Who discovered the piezoelectric phenomenon
Jacques curie Pierre curie
How are atoms arranged in an amorphous form
Atoms are arranged randomly
What are the three colurs of peppers
Black peppers Green peppers White peppers
Name the German pioneer of cell structure who used the recently discovered aniline dyes to stain the nuclei and in turn discovered chromatin
Walter Flemming
Special theory of relativity deals with what kinds of objects
Objects moving at constant speed and in a straight line
The matter particles are
Fermions
The element with the largest atoms is
Caesium
Liquid to gas is
Evaporation
Liquid to solid is
Solidification or freezing
Taking Buffon,s work even further, which man came with a more accurate way to measure the earths age
Jean Fourier
What is photo electric effect
Light hitting a metal knocks off electrons from the metal
The gas bubbles in a carbonated drink are made of
Carbon dioxide
Elementary Fermions are divided into
Quarks Leptons
The different layers of rock are known as
Strata
Which scientist destroyed the phlogiston theory
Lavoisier
Give two examples of Newtonian liquids
Water Honey
When air is cooled at what temperature does oxygen turn to liquid
-183c
In oil of cloves the active ingredient is
Eugenol
What is a tangle
Knot with a loose end
Zingerone is an active ingredient of what
The underground stem of the ginger plant
Name the four important orbitals of electron
S orbital..spherical P orbital..dumbbell shape D orbital..complex shape F orbital ..complex shape
What is the speed of oxygen molecules at room temperature
1700 km/hr
What was the nickname of Eratosthenes
Beta He was considered the second best
For most of his life Archemides lived in which town
Stagira
What is the THIRTY YEARS WAR
In 1618 fight broke out between the catholics and the Protestants
Give some examples of alloys
Brass Bronze Steel Sterling silver
Two famous British scientists between 1543 and 1600
William Harvey William Gilbert
The word ELECTRIC was derived from
Greek word elektron which means amber
How many isotop# does uranium have
14
What is SEMORDNILAP
It is a word that can be read backward but which has a different meaning
Very strict Protestants were also known as
Puritans
What creates the TAIL of the comet
As the ball of dirty ice nears the sun, it evaporates and the gases leave behind a tail
What was vitalism
The concept that plants and animals have vital energy
What is the unit of atomic mass
AMU..atomic mass unit
Solid to liquid is
Liquefaction
What is latent heat
Energy that is released or absorbed by a substance when changing phase
The fruit flies have a life cycle of how many days
14 days
Give two examples of a mixture
Tossed salad Air
Is rubber and butter amorphous material
Yes
DNA and the study of language
DNA has Synonyms Punctuations Prefix Suffix Translations Missense mutations Nonsense mutations Frameshift mutations
Among the three states which state can be compressed
Gas
What is the opposite of evaporation
Condensation
What are two characteristics of a LIQUID
Liquids flow Liquids take the shape of a container
Helium 4 becomes a superfluid at what temperature
-269c
The weak nuclear forces are carried by
W and z bosons
Sucrose is a combination of
Glucose and fructose
Who is known as the father of modern statistics
Sir Ronald Fisher
What is the melting point of gold
1000 c
What is the most viscous liquid
Pitch. Used for road surfaces
Who was the first scientist to realise that fossils are remains of living organisms that are now extinct
John Ray
Who produced the first chromosome map of the fruit fly
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Other than Copernicus , who was the only other scientist who questioned Ptolemy
German scientist, Regiomontanus, in his famous book Epitome
Name the main chemical bonds
Ionic bonds Covalent bonds Polar covalent bonds
Name the famous school in England known for its sporting traditions
Eton
Silicon is chemically similar to which element
Carbon
Give one best example of fluorescence
When uv light is shone on different minerals making them glow in different colours
Lactose is a combination of
Glucose and galactose
What are weak nuclear forces
Forces responsible for radioactive decay
What is the phlogiston theory
Every combustible material is made of ash(calyx) and phlogiston
Genes at a gtreater distance from from one another on the chromosome are more likely to reassort. Is this true
Yes
Give examples of crystalline form
Salt Sugar Diamond
What is the theory of Pangenesis
Each organ of the body secretes its own particles which then combine to form an embryo
Einstein’s last thought experiment, trying to prove quantum theory wrong was the
EPR paradox
Do human have the enzymes to break up the storage polysaccharide
Yes
What is MISSENSE mutations
Substituting amino acids
After the death of Amynta III his son took over
Phillip II
In. Ute get the active ingredient is
Isoeugenol
The diameter of the caesium atom is
596 picometers
The Copley medal is awarded by which society
Royal Society London
When Joseph Black first discovered carbon dioxide, he was experimenting with which chemical
White magnesia
What is frameshift mutation
Screwing up how triplets get read
The pneumonic plague in Surat India took place in which year
1994
Viscosity is measured in units called
Centipoises
Who first invented the word ELECTRIC
William Gilbert
The element with the smallest atom is
Hydrogen
What keeps the core of the earth hot
Radioactivity
What is BOUSTROPHEDON
Writing left to right and right to left in alternate lines
Atomic mass
Mass of the atoms protons, neutrons and electrons
Name the main groups in the periodic table
Metals Non metals Metalloids Halogens Noble gases
Which Greek calculated to an impressive degree of accuracy the circumference of the earth
Eratosthenes
What was Herman Mullers ( student of Thomas Hunt Morgan) contribution to genetics
He increased the rate of fruit fly mutations by irradiating them with x rays
What is the melting point of iron
1500 c
Another name for inflammable air
Hydrogen
Who took Benjamin Thompson’s work of heat and motion to the next level
Julius Von Mayer
During the Renaissance period the third man in the dissection, who would point was known as
Ostensor
Give examples of amorphous forms
Glass Certain plastics
One common use of ethylene glycol
Antifreeze
How does matter behave at the Bose Einstein condensate state
All the atoms behave as a single atom
Who was the man who was obsessed with studying strata and put fossils in thei place
William smith aka strata smith
Who proposed the phlogiston theory
Johann Beecher George Ernst Stahl
Momentum is equal to
Mass times velocity
The sand on the beach is made of
Silicon dioxide
What is the main difference between a mixture and a compound
Bonds
Can hydrogen combining with some amounts of oxygen be explosive
Yes
The electromagnetic force is carried by
Photons
The force of gravity is probably carried by a as yet discovered particle called
Graviton
When do we get Bose Einstein condensate
At extremely low temperatures. A few billionth above absolute temperature
Who was the Royal Society’s longest serving president
Joseph Banks
Gas to solid is
Deposition
A ball of dirty ice that follows an elongated path is known as a
Comet
Atomic number
The. U bet of protons in an atom
What is a palindrome
A word that can be read forwards and backwards and means the same
Name an earliest known sweetener used to sweeten wine in the Roman Empire
Lead acetate
The active ingredient is pepper is piperine, the active ingredient in chilli peppers is
Capsaicin
What is the value of absolute zero temperature
- 21315 c
What is fluorescence and phosphorescence
It’s a phenomenon where matter absorbs light at one wavelength and emits at another
EPR stand for
Einstein Podolsky Rosen
Gas to Bose Einstein condensate
Supercooling
Does water expand when it freezes
Yes
Carl Linnaeus probably suffered from
Asperger, which is a mild form of autism
The mother of modern anthropology was
Margaret Mead
Name a metal that is highly malleable and not ductile
Lead
What are the three types of hydrogen
Protium Deuterium Tritium
What are the two types of heat
Latent heat Specific heat
What is the MEISSNER EFFECT
Superconductors do not allow magnetic fields to pass through them, in fact they expel. Agnostic fields, a phenomenon known as MEISSNER EFFECT
Give an example of SEMORDNILAP
Sub and bus
What happens to most solids as you heat them
They expand
Structural polysaccharide are
Beta glucose
In the periodic table the horizontal row is known as
Periods
When do we get the plasma state
At very high temperatures
Pythagoras,s notorious doctrine was called
Metempsychosis…transmigration of souls
The force carrying particles are
Bosons
Solid carbon dioxide is also known as
Dry ice
Name the scientist from the Middle East who in the tenth century had done considerable work on optics
Alhazen
Aristotles followers became known as the
Peripatetics
Name the denser metal between gold, silver and copper
Gold
At what temperatures do some materials become superconductors
-143c
What is common to a cloud and an atom
Like clouds atoms have no fixed boundaries
The Olympia Academy of Einstein had three more members, name them
Conrad Habicht Maurice Solovine Michaelangelo Besso
Name some salts of Nitrogen
Nitrates Nitrites Nitrides
Main difference between amylose and cellulose
Amylose has Alpha linkage Cellulose has beta linkage
When solid carbon dioxide is exposed to room temperature it turns to
Gas
Give an example of a covalent bond
Oxygen Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide
Give a few properties of metals
Metals have High boiling and melting point Good conductor of heat and electricity Chemically reactive Weak in their pure form
Among the three states which is the one that can change volume
Gas
Who discovered the gas hydrogen
Henry Cavendish
Name the nasal antidepressant approved by the FDA
Esketamine
Even before Galileo which scientist performed the experiment of the falling weights
Dutchman, Simon Stevin
Honey has a viscosity of
10000 centipoises
The bitter taste in plants are usually
Alkaloids. Alkaloids are usually poisonous
The calvinists and the puritans were together known as the
Non conformists
Name the 25 year old Swiss biochemist who in 1869 dissolved pus and obtained nuclein
Friedrich Meischet
When air is cooled at what temperature does nitrogen turn to liquid
-196c
What is viscosity a measure of
How easily a liquid flows
Most liquids get heavier when it turns to solids except
ICE
Give an example of superheated water
Water in microwave
Give examples of quarks
Up Down Top Bottom Strange Charm
ZIPFs law is used where
It is the statistical analysis of language
The diameter of the hydrogen atom is
106 picometers
Who invented the binomial classification of all living this
Carl Linnaeus
What are strong nuclear forces
Forces that bind the quarks together
How did Mendeleev come with the idea of the periodic table
Playing solitaire
Name the seven wonders of the ancient world
Statue of Zeus Colossus of Rhodes Hanging garden of Babylon Temple of Artemis Mausoleum of Halicarnassus Pyramids of Giza Lighthouse of Alexandria
Comparison between a water molecule and a pollen grain
Water molecule is 250,000 times smaller than a pollen grain
Where is glycerol used
Food additive
Particle accelerators are also known as
Atom smashers
Carbon forms covalent bonds, what type of bonds does silicon form
Covalent bonds
The photo electric effect was also demonstrated before Einstein by another scientist
Philip Lenard
The famous book written by Margaret Mead
Coming of age in Samoa in 1928
What is the mass of an electron
One two thousandth of a proton
Gas to liquid is
Condensation
Light of the same colour striking a metal surface knocks off electrons. All these electrons carry the same amount of energy. Is this true or false
True
What are aromatic compounds
Aromatic compounds contain the ring structure of benzene
Starch has two important components
Amylose Amylopectin
What are cosmic rays
They are showers of high energy particles (atom fragments) that rain down on earth from outside the solar system
What are isomers
They have the same number of atoms but a different configuration
Who scrutinised Mendels findings and found that he had fudged his figures
Sir Ronald Fisher
What is the wetting property of a liquid
It is the degree to which a liquid keeps contact with a solid surface
Name two sweet substances other than sugar
Ethylene glycol Glycerol
When a gas is cooled at very low temperatures it turns to
Liquid
What is the military version of of the CDC
USA!RIID
Give an example of supercooled water
Louis at high altitudes are an accumulation of super cooled water
What are the three properties of solids
Brittle Malleable Ductile
Which Englishman had invented the telescope but had kept it as a secret
Leonard Diggers
Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen, but what did he call this gas
Phlogiston
Are lead salts also sweet
Yes
Who was the man who did the first proper experiment to measure the earths age
Comet de Buffon
Which chemical group is attached to the outside of the cotton fibre that can absorb water
OH group
Give an example of a polar covalent bond
Water molecule. One partner gets a bigger share than the other
What did Joseph Black first call the gas carbon dioxide
Fixed air
The. Oat common isotope of helium is
Helium 4
William Gilbert is famous for his work on
Magnets
What is one amu
One-twelfththe mass of a c12 atom
The gaseous state has two forms, name them
Gas Vapour
Ants applied to DNA
Knot theory Venn diagram Uncertainty principle ZIPFs law
Name the famous American experimenter who did genetic work on fruit flies
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Where is the plasma state found
Centre of the sun
What is needed for a solid to change shape
An external force needs to act on it. Axe on wood
The major component of starch is
Amylose
Is sand a crystalline structure
Yes
Which famous scientist was nicknamed THE SOUTHERN TYCHO
Edmund Halley
Name the different kinds of chilli peppers
Bell peppers Banana peppers Sweet peppers Tobacco peppers Cayenne peppers Pimentos
Name three hot molecules
Piperine Capsaicin Zingerone
Name two Protestant groups
Calvinists Puritans
What is an electromagnetic force
The force that holds the electrons in orbit
Name some members of the lunar society
Erasmus Darwin Josiah wedgewood Joseph Priestly James watt
What are the two characteristics of a solid
It has a definite shape and volume
Topological predicament of a DNA
Knots Tangles Coils Links on a chain
What is ZIPFs law
The most common word in a language appears twice as common as the second most common word and three times as common as the third. Oat common word
Which naturalist first came up with a coherent theory of evolution
Jean Lamarck
How many of the elements occur naturally on earth
94
Give an example of non Newtonian liquid
Corn starch
After the death of Phillip II, his son took over
Alexander the Great
Which famous English scientist was in Italy at the time that Galileo died
Robert Boyle
Give an example of a ionic bond
NaCl
Andreas Vesalius was born in Flanders, this country no longer exists. Flanders was made up of
Belgium Netherlands France
At the Royal Society, Robert Hooke w Had the job of
Curator of experiments
What strange behaviour does helium 4 exhibit as a super fluid
Flows through microscopic pores in the solids Climbs up the walls of the container
Who was Joseph Black.s young assistant
James watt of the steam engine
Solid to gas is
Sublimation
Give an example of a compound
Bread
Mass number
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
Name the four primary tastes
Sweet Sour Bitter Salt
