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Joaquim > Science 01 > Flashcards

Science 01 Flashcards

1
Q

Most of the cosmic rays contain which atom fragments

A

Atomic nuclei. Hydrogen nuclei, helium nuclei

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2
Q

The law of conservation of mass can be broken in certain conditions like

A

Nuclear fusion

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3
Q

Uses of superconductors

A

MRI scanners E bombs Maglev trains Particle accelerators

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4
Q

DNA snarls are prevented by which enzyme

A

Topoisomerases

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5
Q

Give examples of leptons

A

Electron Electron neutrino Tau Tau neutrino Muon Muon neutrino

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6
Q

Subatomic particles are broadly classified as two types

A

Those that form matter Those that carry forces

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7
Q

Who were the three famous librarians of Alexandria

A

Dimitrios of Phaleron Callimachus of Cyrene Eratosthenes

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8
Q

Name three elements with a single electron in its outer shell

A

Lithium Sodium Potassium

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9
Q

What is a non Newtonian liquid

A

The viscosity of a non Newtonian liquid varies depending on the amount of force applied

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10
Q

Who first discovered carbon dioxide

A

Joseph Black

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11
Q

What is matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

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12
Q

Give examples of Bosons

A

Photon Gluon W+ boson W- boson Z boson Higgs boson

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13
Q

Do human and mammals have the enzymes to break the structural polysaccharide

A

No

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14
Q

Science has so far discovered how many elements

A

114

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15
Q

80% of all known elements in the periodic table are

A

Metals

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16
Q

Change of state from plasma to gas

A

Recombination

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17
Q

What are the five states of matter

A

Solids Liquids Gaseous Plasma Bose-Einstein condensate

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18
Q

How are atoms arranged in a crystalline form

A

Arranged in a pattern

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19
Q

What is the military version of the CDC

A

USAMRIID

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20
Q

What is anti freeze

A

Substance added to water to prevent water from freezing. The antifreeze has a freezing point much below the freezing point of water

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21
Q

What would happen if superfluid helium was stirred

A

It would spin forever

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22
Q

When carbon dioxide gas is frozen to -78.5c it turns to

A

Solid

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23
Q

What happens to the atoms and molecules at absolute zero temp

A

They do not move at all

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24
Q

Glucose has two configurations

A

Emil configuration Howarth configuration

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25
Q

What is the distance of the earth from the sun

A

149.6 million kilometers

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26
Q

Olive oil has a viscosity of

A

80 centipoises

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27
Q

Fertiliser from the sky

A

When. It roger combines with oxygen during a lightening and the compound is rained down on earth

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28
Q

Solids. One in two forms, name them

A

Crystalline form Amorphous form

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29
Q

Is silicon as abundant on our planet as carbon

A

No

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30
Q

What is density

A

Ratio of mass over volume

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31
Q

The strong nuclear force is carried by

A

Gluons

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32
Q

What is melting point

A

Solids turning into liquids

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33
Q

In the periodic table the vertical column is called the

A

Groups

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34
Q

On earth where are the plasma state found

A

Lightening, electrical storm Fluorescent light bulbs Plasma TV

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35
Q

Example of deposition

A

Water vapour as frost

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36
Q

Hadrons are further divided into

A

Composite fermions…baryons Composite bosons…mesons

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37
Q

Famous science Nobel laureates who were womanisers

A

Einstein Schrodinger James Watson

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38
Q

What determines the volume of a gas

A

It’s not the size but the number of gas molecules

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39
Q

Knot theory has two concepts

A

Knots and tangles

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40
Q

Where is most of the hydrogen on earth located

A

Water

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41
Q

Water has a viscosity of how much at 27c

A

1

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42
Q

99% of all matter in the universe is made up of

A

Plasma

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43
Q

In the year 1543 two great books on science were published

A

Andreas Vesalius ..Fabrica Copernicus,s book

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44
Q

What is the contribution of China to science

A

Paper Printing Compass Gunpowder

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45
Q

The scientist who spoke very very little

A

Henry Cavendish

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46
Q

Name the rare form of diamond which is the hardest solid known

A

Lonsdaleite

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47
Q

Who did Marie Lavoisier marry after the death of her husband

A

Benjamin Thompson aka count of rumford

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48
Q

What is Piezoelectricity

A

When some crystals are squeezed they release electricity

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49
Q

Who discovered Nitrogen

A

Henry Cavendish

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50
Q

Change of state from gas to plasma

A

Ionisation

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51
Q

Two famous followers of Andreas Vesalius

A

Gabriello Fallopio Heironymous fabricus

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52
Q

In the pure form are most of the metals strong or weak

A

Weak

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53
Q

Storage polysaccharide are

A

Alpha glucose

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54
Q

What is supercooled water

A

Water whose temperature is below the freezing point but still in liquid state

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55
Q

What is nonsense mutation

A

Interfering with the stop codon

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56
Q

Who was the scientist to first make the connection between heat and motion

A

Benjamin Thompson

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57
Q

Name three scientists who had independently worked out the INVERSE SQUARE LAW

A

Halley Hooke Wren

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58
Q

What is the active ingredient in pepper

A

Piperine

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59
Q

What is a geological map

A

A map that shows strata that lies beneath the surface

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60
Q

Composite particles are known as

A

Hadrons

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61
Q

The standard version of the quantum theory is also known as the

A

Copenhagen interpretation

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62
Q

What is amber

A

Fossilised tree resin

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63
Q

Which scientist was known as THE RICHEST OF THE WISE AND THE WISEST OF THE RICH

A

Henry Cavendish

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64
Q

Aristotles fathered was the court physician to which king

A

Amyntas III

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65
Q

What is superheated water

A

Water whose temperature is above boiling point but still in liquids state.

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66
Q

Who discovered the piezoelectric phenomenon

A

Jacques curie Pierre curie

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67
Q

How are atoms arranged in an amorphous form

A

Atoms are arranged randomly

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68
Q

What are the three colurs of peppers

A

Black peppers Green peppers White peppers

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69
Q

Name the German pioneer of cell structure who used the recently discovered aniline dyes to stain the nuclei and in turn discovered chromatin

A

Walter Flemming

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70
Q

Special theory of relativity deals with what kinds of objects

A

Objects moving at constant speed and in a straight line

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71
Q

The matter particles are

A

Fermions

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72
Q

The element with the largest atoms is

A

Caesium

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73
Q

Liquid to gas is

A

Evaporation

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74
Q

Liquid to solid is

A

Solidification or freezing

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75
Q

Taking Buffon,s work even further, which man came with a more accurate way to measure the earths age

A

Jean Fourier

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76
Q

What is photo electric effect

A

Light hitting a metal knocks off electrons from the metal

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77
Q

The gas bubbles in a carbonated drink are made of

A

Carbon dioxide

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78
Q

Elementary Fermions are divided into

A

Quarks Leptons

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79
Q

The different layers of rock are known as

A

Strata

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80
Q

Which scientist destroyed the phlogiston theory

A

Lavoisier

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81
Q

Give two examples of Newtonian liquids

A

Water Honey

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82
Q

When air is cooled at what temperature does oxygen turn to liquid

A

-183c

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83
Q

In oil of cloves the active ingredient is

A

Eugenol

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84
Q

What is a tangle

A

Knot with a loose end

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85
Q

Zingerone is an active ingredient of what

A

The underground stem of the ginger plant

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86
Q

Name the four important orbitals of electron

A

S orbital..spherical P orbital..dumbbell shape D orbital..complex shape F orbital ..complex shape

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87
Q

What is the speed of oxygen molecules at room temperature

A

1700 km/hr

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88
Q

What was the nickname of Eratosthenes

A

Beta He was considered the second best

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89
Q

For most of his life Archemides lived in which town

A

Stagira

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90
Q

What is the THIRTY YEARS WAR

A

In 1618 fight broke out between the catholics and the Protestants

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91
Q

Give some examples of alloys

A

Brass Bronze Steel Sterling silver

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92
Q

Two famous British scientists between 1543 and 1600

A

William Harvey William Gilbert

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93
Q

The word ELECTRIC was derived from

A

Greek word elektron which means amber

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94
Q

How many isotop# does uranium have

A

14

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95
Q

What is SEMORDNILAP

A

It is a word that can be read backward but which has a different meaning

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96
Q

Very strict Protestants were also known as

A

Puritans

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97
Q

What creates the TAIL of the comet

A

As the ball of dirty ice nears the sun, it evaporates and the gases leave behind a tail

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98
Q

What was vitalism

A

The concept that plants and animals have vital energy

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99
Q

What is the unit of atomic mass

A

AMU..atomic mass unit

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100
Q

Solid to liquid is

A

Liquefaction

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101
Q

What is latent heat

A

Energy that is released or absorbed by a substance when changing phase

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102
Q

The fruit flies have a life cycle of how many days

A

14 days

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103
Q

Give two examples of a mixture

A

Tossed salad Air

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104
Q

Is rubber and butter amorphous material

A

Yes

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105
Q

DNA and the study of language

A

DNA has Synonyms Punctuations Prefix Suffix Translations Missense mutations Nonsense mutations Frameshift mutations

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106
Q

Among the three states which state can be compressed

A

Gas

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107
Q

What is the opposite of evaporation

A

Condensation

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108
Q

What are two characteristics of a LIQUID

A

Liquids flow Liquids take the shape of a container

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109
Q

Helium 4 becomes a superfluid at what temperature

A

-269c

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110
Q

The weak nuclear forces are carried by

A

W and z bosons

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111
Q

Sucrose is a combination of

A

Glucose and fructose

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112
Q

Who is known as the father of modern statistics

A

Sir Ronald Fisher

113
Q

What is the melting point of gold

A

1000 c

114
Q

What is the most viscous liquid

A

Pitch. Used for road surfaces

115
Q

Who was the first scientist to realise that fossils are remains of living organisms that are now extinct

A

John Ray

116
Q

Who produced the first chromosome map of the fruit fly

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

117
Q

Other than Copernicus , who was the only other scientist who questioned Ptolemy

A

German scientist, Regiomontanus, in his famous book Epitome

118
Q

Name the main chemical bonds

A

Ionic bonds Covalent bonds Polar covalent bonds

119
Q

Name the famous school in England known for its sporting traditions

A

Eton

120
Q

Silicon is chemically similar to which element

A

Carbon

121
Q

Give one best example of fluorescence

A

When uv light is shone on different minerals making them glow in different colours

122
Q

Lactose is a combination of

A

Glucose and galactose

123
Q

What are weak nuclear forces

A

Forces responsible for radioactive decay

124
Q

What is the phlogiston theory

A

Every combustible material is made of ash(calyx) and phlogiston

125
Q

Genes at a gtreater distance from from one another on the chromosome are more likely to reassort. Is this true

A

Yes

126
Q

Give examples of crystalline form

A

Salt Sugar Diamond

127
Q

What is the theory of Pangenesis

A

Each organ of the body secretes its own particles which then combine to form an embryo

128
Q

Einstein’s last thought experiment, trying to prove quantum theory wrong was the

A

EPR paradox

129
Q

Do human have the enzymes to break up the storage polysaccharide

A

Yes

130
Q

What is MISSENSE mutations

A

Substituting amino acids

131
Q

After the death of Amynta III his son took over

A

Phillip II

132
Q

In. Ute get the active ingredient is

A

Isoeugenol

133
Q

The diameter of the caesium atom is

A

596 picometers

134
Q

The Copley medal is awarded by which society

A

Royal Society London

135
Q

When Joseph Black first discovered carbon dioxide, he was experimenting with which chemical

A

White magnesia

136
Q

What is frameshift mutation

A

Screwing up how triplets get read

137
Q

The pneumonic plague in Surat India took place in which year

A

1994

138
Q

Viscosity is measured in units called

A

Centipoises

139
Q

Who first invented the word ELECTRIC

A

William Gilbert

140
Q

The element with the smallest atom is

A

Hydrogen

141
Q

What keeps the core of the earth hot

A

Radioactivity

142
Q

What is BOUSTROPHEDON

A

Writing left to right and right to left in alternate lines

143
Q

Atomic mass

A

Mass of the atoms protons, neutrons and electrons

144
Q

Name the main groups in the periodic table

A

Metals Non metals Metalloids Halogens Noble gases

145
Q

Which Greek calculated to an impressive degree of accuracy the circumference of the earth

A

Eratosthenes

146
Q

What was Herman Mullers ( student of Thomas Hunt Morgan) contribution to genetics

A

He increased the rate of fruit fly mutations by irradiating them with x rays

147
Q

What is the melting point of iron

A

1500 c

148
Q

Another name for inflammable air

A

Hydrogen

149
Q

Who took Benjamin Thompson’s work of heat and motion to the next level

A

Julius Von Mayer

150
Q

During the Renaissance period the third man in the dissection, who would point was known as

A

Ostensor

151
Q

Give examples of amorphous forms

A

Glass Certain plastics

152
Q

One common use of ethylene glycol

A

Antifreeze

153
Q

How does matter behave at the Bose Einstein condensate state

A

All the atoms behave as a single atom

154
Q

Who was the man who was obsessed with studying strata and put fossils in thei place

A

William smith aka strata smith

155
Q

Who proposed the phlogiston theory

A

Johann Beecher George Ernst Stahl

156
Q

Momentum is equal to

A

Mass times velocity

157
Q

The sand on the beach is made of

A

Silicon dioxide

158
Q

What is the main difference between a mixture and a compound

A

Bonds

159
Q

Can hydrogen combining with some amounts of oxygen be explosive

A

Yes

160
Q

The electromagnetic force is carried by

A

Photons

161
Q

The force of gravity is probably carried by a as yet discovered particle called

A

Graviton

162
Q

When do we get Bose Einstein condensate

A

At extremely low temperatures. A few billionth above absolute temperature

163
Q

Who was the Royal Society’s longest serving president

A

Joseph Banks

164
Q

Gas to solid is

A

Deposition

165
Q

A ball of dirty ice that follows an elongated path is known as a

A

Comet

166
Q

Atomic number

A

The. U bet of protons in an atom

167
Q

What is a palindrome

A

A word that can be read forwards and backwards and means the same

168
Q

Name an earliest known sweetener used to sweeten wine in the Roman Empire

A

Lead acetate

169
Q

The active ingredient is pepper is piperine, the active ingredient in chilli peppers is

A

Capsaicin

170
Q

What is the value of absolute zero temperature

A
  • 21315 c
171
Q

What is fluorescence and phosphorescence

A

It’s a phenomenon where matter absorbs light at one wavelength and emits at another

172
Q

EPR stand for

A

Einstein Podolsky Rosen

173
Q

Gas to Bose Einstein condensate

A

Supercooling

174
Q

Does water expand when it freezes

A

Yes

175
Q

Carl Linnaeus probably suffered from

A

Asperger, which is a mild form of autism

176
Q

The mother of modern anthropology was

A

Margaret Mead

177
Q

Name a metal that is highly malleable and not ductile

A

Lead

178
Q

What are the three types of hydrogen

A

Protium Deuterium Tritium

179
Q

What are the two types of heat

A

Latent heat Specific heat

180
Q

What is the MEISSNER EFFECT

A

Superconductors do not allow magnetic fields to pass through them, in fact they expel. Agnostic fields, a phenomenon known as MEISSNER EFFECT

181
Q

Give an example of SEMORDNILAP

A

Sub and bus

182
Q

What happens to most solids as you heat them

A

They expand

183
Q

Structural polysaccharide are

A

Beta glucose

184
Q

In the periodic table the horizontal row is known as

A

Periods

185
Q

When do we get the plasma state

A

At very high temperatures

186
Q

Pythagoras,s notorious doctrine was called

A

Metempsychosis…transmigration of souls

187
Q

The force carrying particles are

A

Bosons

188
Q

Solid carbon dioxide is also known as

A

Dry ice

189
Q

Name the scientist from the Middle East who in the tenth century had done considerable work on optics

A

Alhazen

190
Q

Aristotles followers became known as the

A

Peripatetics

191
Q

Name the denser metal between gold, silver and copper

A

Gold

192
Q

At what temperatures do some materials become superconductors

A

-143c

193
Q

What is common to a cloud and an atom

A

Like clouds atoms have no fixed boundaries

194
Q

The Olympia Academy of Einstein had three more members, name them

A

Conrad Habicht Maurice Solovine Michaelangelo Besso

195
Q

Name some salts of Nitrogen

A

Nitrates Nitrites Nitrides

196
Q

Main difference between amylose and cellulose

A

Amylose has Alpha linkage Cellulose has beta linkage

197
Q

When solid carbon dioxide is exposed to room temperature it turns to

A

Gas

198
Q

Give an example of a covalent bond

A

Oxygen Carbon dioxide Carbon monoxide

199
Q

Give a few properties of metals

A

Metals have High boiling and melting point Good conductor of heat and electricity Chemically reactive Weak in their pure form

200
Q

Among the three states which is the one that can change volume

A

Gas

201
Q

Who discovered the gas hydrogen

A

Henry Cavendish

202
Q

Name the nasal antidepressant approved by the FDA

A

Esketamine

203
Q

Even before Galileo which scientist performed the experiment of the falling weights

A

Dutchman, Simon Stevin

204
Q

Honey has a viscosity of

A

10000 centipoises

205
Q

The bitter taste in plants are usually

A

Alkaloids. Alkaloids are usually poisonous

206
Q

The calvinists and the puritans were together known as the

A

Non conformists

207
Q

Name the 25 year old Swiss biochemist who in 1869 dissolved pus and obtained nuclein

A

Friedrich Meischet

208
Q

When air is cooled at what temperature does nitrogen turn to liquid

A

-196c

209
Q

What is viscosity a measure of

A

How easily a liquid flows

210
Q

Most liquids get heavier when it turns to solids except

A

ICE

211
Q

Give an example of superheated water

A

Water in microwave

212
Q

Give examples of quarks

A

Up Down Top Bottom Strange Charm

213
Q

ZIPFs law is used where

A

It is the statistical analysis of language

214
Q

The diameter of the hydrogen atom is

A

106 picometers

215
Q

Who invented the binomial classification of all living this

A

Carl Linnaeus

216
Q

What are strong nuclear forces

A

Forces that bind the quarks together

217
Q

How did Mendeleev come with the idea of the periodic table

A

Playing solitaire

218
Q

Name the seven wonders of the ancient world

A

Statue of Zeus Colossus of Rhodes Hanging garden of Babylon Temple of Artemis Mausoleum of Halicarnassus Pyramids of Giza Lighthouse of Alexandria

219
Q

Comparison between a water molecule and a pollen grain

A

Water molecule is 250,000 times smaller than a pollen grain

220
Q

Where is glycerol used

A

Food additive

221
Q

Particle accelerators are also known as

A

Atom smashers

222
Q

Carbon forms covalent bonds, what type of bonds does silicon form

A

Covalent bonds

223
Q

The photo electric effect was also demonstrated before Einstein by another scientist

A

Philip Lenard

224
Q

The famous book written by Margaret Mead

A

Coming of age in Samoa in 1928

225
Q

What is the mass of an electron

A

One two thousandth of a proton

226
Q

Gas to liquid is

A

Condensation

227
Q

Light of the same colour striking a metal surface knocks off electrons. All these electrons carry the same amount of energy. Is this true or false

A

True

228
Q

What are aromatic compounds

A

Aromatic compounds contain the ring structure of benzene

229
Q

Starch has two important components

A

Amylose Amylopectin

230
Q

What are cosmic rays

A

They are showers of high energy particles (atom fragments) that rain down on earth from outside the solar system

231
Q

What are isomers

A

They have the same number of atoms but a different configuration

232
Q

Who scrutinised Mendels findings and found that he had fudged his figures

A

Sir Ronald Fisher

233
Q

What is the wetting property of a liquid

A

It is the degree to which a liquid keeps contact with a solid surface

234
Q

Name two sweet substances other than sugar

A

Ethylene glycol Glycerol

235
Q

When a gas is cooled at very low temperatures it turns to

A

Liquid

236
Q

What is the military version of of the CDC

A

USA!RIID

237
Q

Give an example of supercooled water

A

Louis at high altitudes are an accumulation of super cooled water

238
Q

What are the three properties of solids

A

Brittle Malleable Ductile

239
Q

Which Englishman had invented the telescope but had kept it as a secret

A

Leonard Diggers

240
Q

Henry Cavendish discovered hydrogen, but what did he call this gas

A

Phlogiston

241
Q

Are lead salts also sweet

A

Yes

242
Q

Who was the man who did the first proper experiment to measure the earths age

A

Comet de Buffon

243
Q

Which chemical group is attached to the outside of the cotton fibre that can absorb water

A

OH group

244
Q

Give an example of a polar covalent bond

A

Water molecule. One partner gets a bigger share than the other

245
Q

What did Joseph Black first call the gas carbon dioxide

A

Fixed air

246
Q

The. Oat common isotope of helium is

A

Helium 4

247
Q

William Gilbert is famous for his work on

A

Magnets

248
Q

What is one amu

A

One-twelfththe mass of a c12 atom

249
Q

The gaseous state has two forms, name them

A

Gas Vapour

250
Q

Ants applied to DNA

A

Knot theory Venn diagram Uncertainty principle ZIPFs law

251
Q

Name the famous American experimenter who did genetic work on fruit flies

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

252
Q

Where is the plasma state found

A

Centre of the sun

253
Q

What is needed for a solid to change shape

A

An external force needs to act on it. Axe on wood

254
Q

The major component of starch is

A

Amylose

255
Q

Is sand a crystalline structure

A

Yes

256
Q

Which famous scientist was nicknamed THE SOUTHERN TYCHO

A

Edmund Halley

257
Q

Name the different kinds of chilli peppers

A

Bell peppers Banana peppers Sweet peppers Tobacco peppers Cayenne peppers Pimentos

258
Q

Name three hot molecules

A

Piperine Capsaicin Zingerone

259
Q

Name two Protestant groups

A

Calvinists Puritans

260
Q

What is an electromagnetic force

A

The force that holds the electrons in orbit

261
Q

Name some members of the lunar society

A

Erasmus Darwin Josiah wedgewood Joseph Priestly James watt

262
Q

What are the two characteristics of a solid

A

It has a definite shape and volume

263
Q

Topological predicament of a DNA

A

Knots Tangles Coils Links on a chain

264
Q

What is ZIPFs law

A

The most common word in a language appears twice as common as the second most common word and three times as common as the third. Oat common word

265
Q

Which naturalist first came up with a coherent theory of evolution

A

Jean Lamarck

266
Q

How many of the elements occur naturally on earth

A

94

267
Q

Give an example of non Newtonian liquid

A

Corn starch

268
Q

After the death of Phillip II, his son took over

A

Alexander the Great

269
Q

Which famous English scientist was in Italy at the time that Galileo died

A

Robert Boyle

270
Q

Give an example of a ionic bond

A

NaCl

271
Q

Andreas Vesalius was born in Flanders, this country no longer exists. Flanders was made up of

A

Belgium Netherlands France

272
Q

At the Royal Society, Robert Hooke w Had the job of

A

Curator of experiments

273
Q

What strange behaviour does helium 4 exhibit as a super fluid

A

Flows through microscopic pores in the solids Climbs up the walls of the container

274
Q

Who was Joseph Black.s young assistant

A

James watt of the steam engine

275
Q

Solid to gas is

A

Sublimation

276
Q

Give an example of a compound

A

Bread

277
Q

Mass number

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

278
Q

Name the four primary tastes

A

Sweet Sour Bitter Salt

Joaquim (7 decks)

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