Sciemce Test 2

Question 1

What is the two types of geology

Answer 1

Physical and historical geology

Question 2

What is the difference between physical and historical geology

Answer 2

Physical geology is the study of the materials that make up the earth like rocks and minerals, while historical geology is the study of the history of the earth

Question 3

What is the hypothesis called of how the earth began

Answer 3

The nebular hypothesis

Question 4

Describe the nebular hypothesis

Answer 4

The nebular hypothesis states that the bodies of our solar system evolved from a huge cloud called the solar nebular

Question 5

Describe the steps of how the earth was formed

Answer 5

Solar system begins as a cloud of dust in the Milky Way, then the cloud that is called the nebula collars and the heated center creates the sun, next the cooling creates solid particles, collisions create asteroid size bodies, and finally asteroids form the inner parts of the inner planets while other materials and gases make the outer planets.

Question 6

Why does the earth have layers

Answer 6

The earth has layers because as the earth was forming, density differences caused dense materials to sink while less dense materials escape to the atmosphere, density continues to form the earth today

Question 7

What are the four major spheres

Answer 7

Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Biosphere
Geosphere

Question 8

Describe the atmosphere

Answer 8

It contains the earths weather, it protects us from the earths heat, it provides the air we breath, it the earths outermost layer that is a thin mixture of gases

Question 9

Describe the hydrosphere

Answer 9

It contains all of earths water, it covers 3/4s of the earth, only 3% of all of it is freshwater, it is made of liquid, water vapor, and ice

Question 10

Describe the biosphere

Answer 10

It is the parts of the earth that contains living organisms

Question 11

Describe the geosphere

Answer 11

It makes up the mountains, valleys, and lands. All of earths mass is found on earths rocks and minerals. It consists of three parts, a metal core, a solid middle layer(mantel), a rocky outer layer(crust)

Question 12

What is the lithosphere

Answer 12

Is contains the crust, upper mantle, and tectonic plates. It is 50-200km deep

Question 13

What is the asthenosphere

Answer 13

It is a molten layer that sits on the lithosphere.

Question 14

What are the three things that make up the mantle

Answer 14

Lithosphere
Mesosphere
And the asthenosphere

Question 15

What is the crust

Answer 15

It is a thin layer rocky outer layer so the earth

Question 16

What are the two types of crust

Answer 16

Continental crust which form the continents,

Oceanic crust which forms the ocean floor

Question 17

What is the international date line and why is it needed

Answer 17

The international date line is a imaginary line that separates 2 calendar days, it is needed because travelers going westward would discover that when they return one or more days would have passed

Question 18

Who was the father of continental drift and did he live to see his theory gain acceptance.

Answer 18

Alfred Wegener was the father of continental drift and he did not love to see his theory be accepted

Question 19

What was the theory of plate tectonics and define plate

Answer 19

The theory of plate tectonics is that the mantle along with the crust behaves like a strong ridge layer which is known as the lithosphere. Tectonic plates are large pieces of the lithosphere broken up and are constantly shifting

Question 20

What was Pangea and how long did it take for it to break apart

Answer 20

Pangea was a supercontinent made up of all of the continents we know today, it broke apart 200 million years ago

Question 21

What are the four pieces of evidence for continental drift

Answer 21

Fossil, some continents seam to fit together, matching rock types, ancient climates

Question 22

Are the plates still moving and if so by how much

Answer 22

The plates are still moving by 5 centimeters a year

Question 23

What are the three types of plate boundaries

Answer 23

Divergent
Convergent
Transform fault

Question 24

What is a divergent boundary give an example

Answer 24

It is when two plates move away from each other and it adds lithosphere and an example is like the mid-Atlantic ridge

Question 25

What is convergent boundaries and give an example

Answer 25

It is when two plates come together and either go up and creat mountains like the Himalayas or one plate goes under another in a subduction zone which creates trenches

Question 26

What is a transform fault and give an example

Answer 26

It is when two plates slide past each other creating nothing and a example would be like the San Andrés fault

Question 27

What is convection currents

Answer 27

This occurs in the mantle, It is when hot material from the inner core of our planet rises then cools and dense slabs of the lithosphere sink and the cycle keeps going, it’s like a lava lamp

Question 28

What is GPS and explain how it is used

Answer 28

GPS is a global position system based off of 24 satellite s that orbit the earth and can pinpoint any given location. It was designed for military use at first but it then opened to the public in ways like google earth. It is used for mainly directions

Question 29

What fields of science are included in the study of earth science

Answer 29

Geology
Oceanography
Meteorology
And astronomy