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4th quarter > SCI REPRODUCTIVE > Flashcards

SCI REPRODUCTIVE Flashcards

1
Q

organ system that is composed of sex organs that function together to produce offspring.

A

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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2
Q

organ system that is composed of a complex network of nerve cells and nerves that transmit messages or signals to and from the brain and spinal cord to the other parts of the body.

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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3
Q

organ system that is composed of glands that secrete hormones.

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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4
Q

chemicals that serve as messengers that control and coordinate the activities throughout the body.

A

HORMONES

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5
Q

loop system in which the output of the system is either amplified or inhibited

A

FEEDBACK MECHANISM

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6
Q

essential for allowing the body time maintain homeostasis

A

FEEDBACK LOOPS

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7
Q

state of internal balance that allows the body to function normally while interacting with and adjusting to internal and external changes.

A

HOMEOSTASIS

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8
Q
  • a region of the brain
A

HYPOTHALAMUS

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9
Q

endocrine structure at the base of the brain, to release specific hormones that stimulate the gonads to facilitate the production and release of sex hormones and sex cells.

A

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLANDS

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10
Q
  • refer to the primary reproductive organs.
A

GONADS

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11
Q

the production and release of sex hormones and sex cells.

A

GAMETES

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12
Q
  • the main male reproductive organ
  • oval-shaped organs about 4 cm long and are suspended within the scrotum
A

TESTES

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13
Q
  • is produced by Leydig cells in the testes
  • is responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics sich as legnthening of the bones; the increase in muscle mass; the enlargement of the larynx, which causes the voice to deepen; and the growth of hair on different parts of the body such as on the face, underarms, and pubic area.
A

TESTOSTERONE

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14
Q

also called interstitial cells

A

LEYDIG CELLS

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15
Q
  • a sac-like structure
A

SCROTUM

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16
Q
  • packed, coiled tubes where sperm production occurs
A

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

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17
Q
  • a long-coiled tube that stores sperm cells for at least 18 hours until they reach maturity
A

EPIDIDYMIS

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18
Q
  • a pair of ducts that is capable of pushing the sperm through its length by a series of muscle contractions.
A

VAS DEFERENS

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19
Q
  • are sac-like pouches that are attached to the vascular deferens near the base of the bladder.
A

SEMINAL VESICLES

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20
Q
  • is located below the urinary bladder in front of the rectum.
  • it contributes additional fluid to the travelling sperms and nourishment
A

PROSTATE GLAND

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21
Q
  • is a muscular sac in the pelvis, that stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and controlled
A

BLADDER

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22
Q
  • extends from the urinary bladder to the penis
  • a narrow tube that serves as a passageway for both urine and semen
A

URETHRA

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23
Q
  • is a thick, whitish fluid that is mainly composed of fructose, proteins, prostaglandins, vitamin C, and other substances that nourish and protect the sperm.
A

SEMEN

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24
Q
  • an external sex organ that is responsible for discharging semen and urine out of the male body.
A

PENIS

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25
Q
  • the hardening of the penis
A

ERECTION

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26
Q
  • the release of semen from the penis
A

EJACULATION

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27
Q
  • the peak of sexual arousal
A

ORGASM

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28
Q
  • desire for sex
A

LIBIDO

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29
Q
  • consist of a large nucleus and has spherical shape, which at the same time contains an acrosome. The nucleus contains the genetic information and 23 chromosomes.
  • it also secretes a hyaluronidase enzyme that destroys the hyaluronic acid of the egg cell to enter into it.
A

HEAD

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30
Q
  • contains centrioles ( proximal centriole and distal centriole )
31
Q
  • is a highly important part of sperm cell because it gives energy to the sperm, thereby allowing it to swim once inside the female reproductive system.
  • it contains spirally arranged mitochondria.
A

MIDDLE PIECE

32
Q
  • is the end part of the sperm, which contains the axial filaments.
  • it helps the sperm to swim in the female genital tract. In fact, it is the part that allows sperm to swim fast enough.
33
Q

process by which spermatogonia develop into spermatozoa in the testes.

A

SPERMATOGENESIS

34
Q
  • is more complex than the male reproductive system because it carries our fertilization, provides protection and nouristment for the developing baby, and delivers the baby from the uterus to the outside world.
A

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

35
Q
  • main female reproductive organs
  • a pair of organs similar in size and shape to almonds
  • found in the pelvic area and have dual function of producing and releasing sex hormones and female sex gametes
36
Q

brings about the development of secondary female sex chaarcteristics such as the enlargement of the breasts, the widening of the hips, and the growth of the axillary and pubic hair

37
Q
  • signals the uterus to prepare for implantation.
A

PROGESTERONE

38
Q
  • or adherence of the fertilized egg to the inner lining of the uterus, and helps maintain pregnancy
A

IMPLANTATION

39
Q
  • inner portion of the ovary
A

OVARIAN MEDULLA

40
Q

outer portion of the ovary

A

OUTER CORTEX

41
Q
  • which contain the immature eggs
  • found in the outer cortex
A

OVARIAN FOLLICLES

42
Q
  • also known as oviducts
  • two thin tubes connected to the uterus
  • main function is to receive the mature egg cell from the ovary and transport it to the uterus
A

FALLOPIAN TUBES

43
Q
  • finger-like projection connected to ovaries
  • collects the mature egg cell from the ovary then sweeps them into the fallopian tube
44
Q
  • also called womb
  • about 7.6 cm king in nonpregnant women, but it can greatly expand in pregnant women to accomodate the developing fetus
45
Q

composed of layers of muscles

A

UTERINE WALL

46
Q
  • inner lining
A

ENDOMETRIUM

47
Q

a cylinder-shaped neck of the tissue leads to the vagina that can be found at the lower end of the uterus

48
Q
  • a muscular tube that extends from the cervix to outside of the body
  • it receives the semen and serves as the birth canal where the baby passes through during childbirth
49
Q

fold of thick skin at the opening of the vagina

50
Q
  • the counterpart of the penis in males, is a pea-size erectile organ that is filled with nerve endings. It is located above the urethra
51
Q

the nucleus is the heart of the egg cell and contains most of the genetic material in the form of chromosomes.
- this is where the genes are situated.

52
Q
  • is a gel-like substance that holds all the cell’s other internal structures called organelles.
53
Q
  • (egg wall) is an outer membrane of the egg.
  • this structure helps the sperm to enter the egg through its hard outer layers.
A

ZONA PELLUCIDA

54
Q
  • surrounds an egg.
  • it consist of two or three layers of cells from the follicle.
  • they are attached to the zona pellucida - the outer protective layer of the egg
A

CORONA RADIATA

55
Q

EGG CELLS FROM BIRTH

A

1-2 MILLION

56
Q

EGG CELLS WHEN PUBERTY

A

300-500 THOUSAND

57
Q

HOW MANY PRIMARY MATURE EGGS ARE REMOVED DURING PUBERTY TO MENOPAUSAL STAGE?

58
Q

process by which the female gameyes or ova form and mature in the ovaries.

59
Q
  • is the monthly natural changes in the female reproductive system in preparation for a possible pregnancy each month
  • lasts 28 days - 35 days
A

MENSTRUAL CYCLE

60
Q
  • also called period
  • is the procces by which the inner lining of the uterus is shed and released outside the body through the vagina.
A

MENSTRUATION

61
Q
  • responsible for making estrogen and progesterone
A

LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE

62
Q
  • describes the development of ovarian follicles and ovulation
A

OVARIAN CYCLE

63
Q
  • describes the cyclic changes in the endometrium in preparation for possible implantation of a fertilized oocyte.
A

UTERINE CYCLE

64
Q
  • is the first half of the ovarian cycle that occurs during the first 14 days of the menstrual cycle.
  • it begins in the first day of menstruation and ends in ovulation
A

FOLLICULAR PHASE

65
Q
  • the development of ovarian follicles
A

FOLLICULOGENESIS

66
Q
  • is the second half of the ovarian cycle that occurs during day 14 to day 28 of the menstrual cycle.
  • it begins after ovulation and ends when mentruation begins.
A

LUTEAL PHASE

67
Q
  • a temporary endocrine structure
A

CORPUS LUTEUM

68
Q
  • the lowest temperature of a body at rest
A

BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE

69
Q
  • the white fibrous scar that remains in the ovary for a few months
A

CORPUS ALBICANS

70
Q
  • to signal the corpus luteum to continue producing progesterone to maintain pregnancy until the placenta can take over progesterone production
A

HUMAN CHRONIC GONADO

71
Q
  • during which the stratum functionalis is shed.
  • begins concurrently with the follicular phase and lasts for about 3 - 7 days
A

MENSES PHASE

72
Q
  • during which the increase in estrogen levels in the blood causes the growth and regeneration of the endometrium.
  • this phase occurs during day 6 to day 14 of the menstrual cycle
A

PROLIFERATIVE PHASE

73
Q
  • last phase of the uterine cycle
  • which begins at ovulation and ends when menstruation begins.
A

SECRETORY PHASE

4th quarter (9 decks)

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