Sci-Prac Everything Else Flashcards by Josh Burt

1949 Boulder Conference is important because

Established Scientist-practitioner model

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True/False: According the the S-P model… graduates should be trained with a greater focus on clinical practice

False - Graduates should be trained with an EQUAL emphasis in research and practice

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When did psychology as we know it today really take off

Following WWII - GI Bill - demand for trained psychologists

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What are the 5 steps in evidence based practice?

Ask - express problem as clinical question
Access - the evidence
Appraise - the evidence for validity
Apply - the evidence (intervention)
Assess - the outcome (reflect)

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What three concepts does evidence based practice encorporate

Clinical Expertise
Best research evidence
Patient values and preferences

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What constitues best research evidence?

RCTs, meta-analyses, systematic reviews

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Steps in the EBP are known as…

The 5 A’s:
Ask
Access
Appraise
Apply
Assess

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Why is PICO important

Phrases the problem as a clinical question - allows evidence based practice

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What is involved in a critical appaisal of evidence?

Validity
Applicability
Clinical Importance

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What is the difference between statistical significance and clinical significance

Statistical significance = RELIABILITY of results
Clinical significance = impact on clinical practice

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What should clinical significance indicate

Extent of change
Whether the change makes a real difference
Duration of treatment effects

Consumer Accptability
Cost-effectiveness
Ease of implementation

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What does an effect size of .2 suggest

Small statistical and clinical difference between two groups

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What does an effect size of .5 suggest

Moderate statistical and clincial difference between two groups

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What does an effect size of .8 suggest

Large statistical and clinical difference between two groups

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What does CONSORT mean and what is the point of doing CONSORT protocols

Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials - Protocol for reporting and evaluating an RCT

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What are the ethical theories covered in this course

Utilitarianism/consequentialism
Dentology
Virtue Ethics

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What is utilitarianism/consequentialism

Consequences of our actions determine which actions are right or wrong - the greatest good for the greatest number of people

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What is dentology

Focused on action rather than consequences - act in ways that are in line with duties and obligations

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What is virtue ethics

Consistency bw a persons charcter and actions

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Which three basic ethical principles covered in this course are particularly relevant to the ethics of research involving human subjects

Respect of the persons
Beneficence
Justice

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What are the three principles that form the basis of the code of ethics

Respect for the rights and dignity of people and peoples

Propriety

Integrity

(boils down to having good character)

When is ethics approval not needed?

If info is in public space (eg when doing a meta analysis and examining published things) don’t need ethics approval

What is a predatory Journal and how can you identify one?

entities that prioritize self-interest at the expense of scholarship
characterized by…
- false or misleading information,
- deviation from best editorial and publication practices,
- a lack of transparency,
- the use of aggressive and indiscriminate solicitation practices.

Validity, Clinical Importance and Applicability are important considerations for…

The critical appraisal of evidence

When do ethical guidelines apply to org psychs

ANY TIME you work with people

What is the Intrinsic/Extrinsic Framework of Ethical Guidance

Need to be guided by intrinsic (own morals) and extrinsic (law, guidelines) ethics

What is the guiding principle in psychology

Do no harm

How is duty of care relevant to org psyc

Not discriminating Fair and Equal opportunity Informed consent Privacy/Confidentiality Do no harm Saftey of the individaul

True/False: a lack of awareness or misunderstanding of ethical standards ARE a defence to an allegation of unethical conduct?

False - need to be armed with ins and outs of ethics

How do you maintain ethical principles in role selection

Emphasis must be on abilities rather than personal characteristics and give impression that all suitbale applicants are welcome to apply

True/False: During the interview process you should ask personal questions to get to know the applicant?

False - only ask if directly job relevant

How do you navigate consent and voluntary participation

Remind people prior to session about voluntary participation Consider own ethical and moral compass

How do you navigate 'grey' areas in ethics

Consider the law Seek supervision/consultation Consider own morals

True/False: ethical decision making is a choice

True - need to be able to make 'good' decisions to behave ethically

How do you make 'good' ethical decisions

Be objective (consider how the situation would look to an outsider) Follow the law and ethics codes Be aware of own biases

True/False: The ethical guidelines for the profession of psychology come from the Australian Psychological Society’s (APS) Code of Ethics 2006?

False - The ethical guidelines for the profession of psychology come from the Australian Psychological Society’s (APS) Code of Ethics (2007).

What are the 3 core principles of the APS code of ethics

(R) Respect for the rights and dignity of people (I) Inegrity (P) Propriety

The Core principles of the APA code of ethics are

(R) Respect for the rights and dignity of people (I) Inegrity (P) Propriety

The Respect for the rights and dignitiy of peoples principle in the APS code of ethics pertains to?

- Privacy/confidentiality, - informed consent, - respect, justice etc

The propriety principle in the APS code of ethics encompasses

professonal responsibility, record keeping, conflicting demands etc protect interest and welfare of people they work with

What does the APS ethical code of integrity encompass

- Reputable behaviour, - non-exploitation, - must not bring profession into disrepute

When is it necessary to report behaviour of health practitioners

Mandatory reporting when practitioner is... - impaired - intoxicated while practising - departing from accepted professional standards - sexual misconduct

True/False: Voluntary choice is NOT a component of informed consent?

False: voluntary choice is necessary

True/False: Informed consent can be obtained by verbal, written and/or other means

True

What is the difference between consent and assent

Consent - agree to do it Assent - agree to keep going

True/False: adequate understanding of the proposed research and the implications of participation is required for informed consent?

True

True/False: When obtaining informed consent, you need to provide enough information for the participant to make a reasonable decision about the consequences of their participation

True

True/False: When obtaining informed consent you need to disclose incentives for participation

True

When is limited disclosure allowed regarding informed consent?

When studying behaviour Specifically when reserach aims cannot be achieved if methods are fully disclosed

True/False: it is ok to use research procedures that cause severe distress if the research question requires it

False - never ok Do no harm

How do you manage deception

- Make sure it does not increase the risk of harm, - debrief the participant, - provide ongoing support after the study if needed