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gr10_2q > sci 4th q bio > Flashcards

sci 4th q bio Flashcards

1
Q

fertilization

A

when the sperm meets the egg and forms a zygote

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2
Q

where fertilization happens exactly

A

it happens in the ampulla in the fallopian tube (uterine/oviduct) of the female repro

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3
Q

functions of male reproductive system

A
  • production of male hormones
  • production of spermatozoa
  • sustaining and transfer of spermatozoon to the female
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4
Q

what is copulation

A

the transferring of spermatozoon to the female

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5
Q

term for early puberty

A

precocious puberty

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6
Q

term for late puberty

A

eunuchoidism puberty

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7
Q

external genitalia of the male reproductive system

A

gonads, scrotum, and penis

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8
Q

when a male is born and the alignment of the penis is higher than normal

A

cryptorchidism

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9
Q

purpose of scrotum

A

thermoregulation, regulates the temperature

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10
Q

how does thermoregulation work in the scrotum

A

cold: the cremaster muscle pulls the scrotum closer to the body so it can get body heat
hot: the cremaster muscle pulls the scrotum farther from the body to get away from body heat
- then the dartos muscle is responsible for the texture (wrinkly or smooth)

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11
Q

2 types of muscles in the wall of scrotum

A

cremaster and dartos

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12
Q

layers inside the scrotum

A

tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea

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13
Q

sperms are developed in ___________

A

seminiferous tubules

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14
Q

leydig cells

A

exact cells that produces testosterone

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15
Q

sertoli cells

A

nourishes the young cell to become a developed cell

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16
Q

spermatic cord contains what

A

contains blood vessels that supply o2 and nerves

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17
Q

epididymis

A

where the maturation of the spermatozoon happens

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18
Q

parts of epididymis

A

head, body, and tail

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19
Q

what is produced in seminiferous tubules

A

sperm and testosterone

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20
Q

why are immature spermatozoon considered immature?

A

because their tail is underdeveloped

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21
Q

where does sperm develop

A

periphery

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22
Q

supplies oxygenated blood to the testicles

A

testicular artery

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23
Q

supplies oxygenated blood to cremaster muscle

A

cremasteric artery

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24
Q

gets the deoxygenated blood from cremaster muscle and goes to the heart to get oxygen

A

cremasteric vein

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25
Q

supplies oxygenated blood to vas deferens

A

artery to the vas deferens

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26
Q

drains venous blood from the testes into the testicular vein

A

Pampiniform plexus of testicular veins

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27
Q
A

genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

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28
Q

passageway of mature cells

A

ductus deferens (vas deferens)

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29
Q

where all immature spermatozoa meet and converge

A

rete testis

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30
Q

immature spermatozoa leaves the seminiferous tubules through a passage called ________

A

efferent ductules

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31
Q

part where mitosis undergoes

A

lumen

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32
Q

It is a passageway for sperm and fluids from the reproductive system and urine from the urinary system.

A

urethra

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33
Q

a cylindrical pendant organ located anterior to the scrotum and functions to transfer sperm to the vagina

A

penis

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34
Q

parts of vas deferens

A

epididymal vas deferens
prostatic vas deferens
ampulla

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35
Q

ampulla and seminal vesicle converge as one to create a passage called _______

A

ejaculatory duct

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36
Q

semen is made out of ____

A

spermatozoa and fluids

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37
Q

penis consists of 3 columns of erectile tissue, what are the two dorsal columns called?

A

corpora cavernosa

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38
Q

penis consists of 3 columns of erectile tissue, what is the single midline ventral column called?

A

corpus spongiosum

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39
Q

what is the function of corpus spongiosum

A

ejaculation

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40
Q

what produces hormones

A

glands

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41
Q

types of glands in the male reproductive system

A

prostate gland
seminal vesicle
bulbourethral / couper’s gland

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42
Q

donut shaped gland

A

prostate gland

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43
Q

what fluid helps with decoagulation of spermatozoa and other fluids and where is it produced?

A

prostatic fluid from prostate gland

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44
Q

seminal vesicle produces what fluid

A

seminal fluid

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45
Q

fluids in seminal fluid and its purpose

A

fructose - energy supply
fibronigen - para magsama sama all substances
prostaglandin - atp concentration

46
Q

what is coagulation

A

when substances from seminal vesicle and spermatozoa from ampulla becomes one substance

47
Q

bulbourethral gland produces what fluid and what is its purpose

A

alkaline fluid that neutralizes urine left in the walls of the urethra

48
Q

hormones in men

A

testosterone
gonadtropin releasing hormone
luteinizing hormone
follicle stimulating hormone

49
Q

what is gonadtropin releasing hormone (GmRH)

A

a hormone na target area is pituitary gland and produces lh and fsh

50
Q

what is luteinizing hormone

A

luteinizing hormone (lh) stimulates laydig cells, since laydig cells produce testosterone. so lh stimulates laydig cells kaya produces more testosterone

51
Q

what is follicle stimulating hormone

A

it stimulates sertoli cells, so stimulating fsh would furthur nurture spermatozoa

52
Q

male : infinite spermatozoa, female : ____________

A

finite egg cells

53
Q

what is oogenesis

A

process of producing egg cells

54
Q

fucntions of fem repro

A
  • oogenesis
  • copulation
  • hormone production
  • provide sites for egg fertilization, implantation, and development
  • acts as birth canal
55
Q

hormones in women

A
  • progesterole
  • prolactin
  • oxytocin
56
Q

what is progesterole

A

the hormone in preparation for gestation
- ito yung nagpapakapal ng endometrium for gestation

57
Q

where does fertilization happens

A

ampulla in fallopian tube

58
Q

what is prolactin

A

the hormone that stimulates milk production

59
Q

first type of breast milk na lumalabas, yellowish and contains anti-bodies

A

colostrum

60
Q

what is implantation

A

when the zygote plants itself in the walls of the uterus

61
Q

what is oxytocin

A

hormone for the widening of hips during gestation

62
Q

main function of fallopian tube (uterine/oviduct)

A

fertilization

63
Q

parts of the fallopian tube

A

fimbriae, infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus

64
Q

what is the purpose of fimbriae

A

parang broom like structure, it catches ovum from ovary kasi may gap from fallopian tube and ovary

64
Q

what is the purpose of fimbriae

A

parang broom like structure, it catches ovum from ovary kasi may gap from fallopian tube and ovary

65
Q

wave like motion in order for a substance to travel from one part to another

A

peristalsis

66
Q

parts of uterus

A

body, fundus, isthmus

67
Q

where does actual implantation happens

A

the body of the uterus

68
Q

what connects the uterus to the cervix

A

isthmus

69
Q

layers of uterus

A

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

70
Q

2 parts of endometrium

A

stratum basalis
stratum functionalis

71
Q

what layer of the endometrium thickens

A

stratum functionalis

72
Q

it is in between uterus and vagina

A

cervix

73
Q

parts of the cervix

A

internal os, endocervical canal, external os

74
Q

it is repsonsible for copulation

A

vagina

75
Q

layers of vagina and its functions

A

mucosal layer - moisturizes
muscular - for constricting and expanding
fibrous - connecting to others

76
Q

ensures semen will be recieved by the vagina

A

vaginal fornix

77
Q

counterpart of testicles in the female reproductive system

A

ovaries

78
Q

female gonad

A

ovaries

79
Q

parts of ovaries

A

germinal epithelium - outer
tunica albuginea - inner

80
Q

stages of the maturation of follicle and oocyte

A
  1. primordial follicle
  2. primary follicle
  3. secondary follicle
  4. mature (graafian) follicle
81
Q

in primordial follicle, ano ano yung present?

A

oocyte and granulosa cells

82
Q

female gamete

A

egg cells

83
Q

male gamete

A

spermatozoa

84
Q

reproductive cell

A

gamete

85
Q

primary reproductive hormone for women

A

estrogen

86
Q

what cell produces estrogen

A

granulosa cells

87
Q

what is formed in the oocyte

A

ovum

88
Q

in primary follicle, ano ano ang present?

A

oocyte, granulosa, and zona pellucida

89
Q

what is added during primary follicle and what is its function

A

zona pellucida - protein that protects the egg

90
Q

secondary follicle, ano ano ang present?

A

oocyte, granulosa, zona pellucida, fluid-filled vesicles, theca interna, theca externa

91
Q

what is the purpose of theca interna and theca externa

A

para maging intact yung buong structure (follicle), and contains the binding structure where the LH binds to

92
Q

fluid-filled vesicles purpose

A

to nourish the oocyte

93
Q

antrum

A

fluid-filled vesicles nag combine and become one big substance ye

94
Q

why are there lots of antrum in the follicle

A

para ma-push sa side ang oocyte para mag pop yung follicle and lumabas ang oocyte

95
Q

what protects the ovum once it leaves the follicle

A

zona pellucida and cells of the corona radiata

96
Q

corpus luteum produces progesterone in preparation for ?

A

in preparation for implantation and gestation and thickening of the endometrium

97
Q

what stimulates corpus luteum to further produce progesterone after implantation?

A

human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG)

98
Q

what produces gonadotropin releasing hormone

A

hypothalamus gland

99
Q

process of programmed cell death

A

apoptosis

100
Q

the entire external genitalia of women

A

valva

101
Q

where urine exits/excretes the body

A

urethral orifice

102
Q

rounded mass of fatty tissue lying over the joint of the pubic bones

A

mons pubis

103
Q

small mass of erectile tissue for sexual arousal

A

clitoris

104
Q

composed of blood vessels that covers the vagina

A

hymen

105
Q

area between vagina and anus

A

perineum

106
Q

when perineum is cut

A

episiotomy

107
Q

mammary gland

A

breast

108
Q

pigmented area surrounding the nipple

A

areola

109
Q

has ducts where milk passes through

A

alveoli/alveolus

110
Q

stimulates production of milk

A

prolactin

111
Q

area where milk is stored

A

lactiferous sinus

gr10_2q (7 decks)

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