Schools Of Psychology Flashcards
What was the main argument of the Scottish philosophers regarding sensory information?
It can be accepted at face value (naive realism)
According to the Scottish philosophers, what method yields valid psychological information?
Self-examination (introspection)
What was the theological implication of Scottish commonsense philosophy?
One’s personal feelings could be trusted in matters of God
Who wrote Elements of the Philosophy of the Human Mind (1792)?
Douglas stuart
Which U.S. author wrote The Human Intellect: With an Introduction Upon Psychology and the Soul (1868)?
Noah porter
John dewey wrote a book in 1887
Psychology
What event marked the beginning of the “American Enlightenment” in 1714?
The arrival of John Locke’s book An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
During the stage of intellectual philosophy, psychology became a separate discipline in the U.S. under the influence of:
Scottish commonsense philosophy
Who is credited with marking the beginning of functionalism in 1896?
John dewey
What was the title of John Dewey’s 1896 article that marked the beginning of functionalism?
The reflex arc in psychology
Which book, published in 1890, is sometimes considered the start of functionalism?
Principles of psychology
What was the primary goal of functionalist psychology?
To understand how the mind and behavior aid an organism’s adjustment to the environment
What was the title of John Dewey’s 1896 article that marked the beginning of functionalism?
The reflex arc in psychology
Which of the following was a primary research tool used by structuralists?
Introspection
What philosophical traditions influenced the structuralist school of psychology
British and French empiricism
Which psychologist was at Cornell University from 1892 to 1927 and was a leading structuralist?
Edward Titchener
What was one reason functionalists opposed structuralism?
Functionalists considered the structuralist search for elements of consciousness sterile
What was the primary focus of functionalism?
The function of the mind in adapting to the environment
Functionalists emphasized the “is for” of the mind rather than the “is.” What does this mean?
They focused on the function of the mind rather than its structure
Which of the following methods did functionalists use in research?
A broad range of methods, including puzzle boxes, mazes, and mental tests
What was one major interest of functionalists in understanding behavior?
Understanding the motivations behind behavior
Who was the most influential functionalist?
William James
Which functionalist figure is considered a transitional link to behaviorism?
Edward L. Thorndike
What distinguishes functionalism from structuralism
Functionalism focuses on how the mind works, while structuralism focuses on what the mind is composed of
What was NOT a method used by functionalists?
Dream analysis
Which of these best describes the influence of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on functionalism
It led to a focus on how mental processes help organisms adapt
