School Health Nurses

Question 1

Primordial prevention

Answer 1

Primordial prevention includes broader activities that focus on preventing the emergence of risk factors that are known to create the conditions for disease. I

Question 2

What is the Health Living Strategy (HLS)?

Answer 2

a conceptual framework for sustained action to promote healthy living.

Question 3

What are the 5 principles to guide healthy living as proposed by Canada’s Declaration on Prevention and Promotion?

Answer 3

(1) prevention is a priority;
(2) prevention is the hallmark of a quality health system;
(3) prevention is the first step in management;
(4) many approaches can be used in health promotion; and
(5) health promotion is everyone’s business.

Question 4

How do finances play into the role of chronic illness and therefore the creation of HLS?

Answer 4

The economic burden of chronic illness in Canada is enormous.

Question 5

Current thinking believes that prevention of chronic illness begins at what stage of life?

Answer 5

Current thinking holds that healthy living is learned in childhood; therefore, prevention is key during the formative years to work toward reducing the number of chronic illnesses that occur in adulthood

Question 6

What did the Chief PHOs Report on PH in Canada (2017) focus on and why?

Answer 6

the priorities for healthy living focused on “designing” healthy living environments because of the tremendous potential that changing the built environment can have on helping Canadians live healthier lives

Question 7

What are the 3 elements of healthy child development

Answer 7

(1) stable, responsive, and nurturing caring; (2) safe, supportive environments; and
(3) appropriate nutrition

Question 8

Name the 2 major roles that CHNs have in the area of Child and Adolescent health.

Answer 8

1. Provision of direct services to children and their families: assessment, management of care, education, and counselling.
2. Assessment of the community and the establishment of programs to ensure a healthy environment for its children.

Question 9

Define Comprehensive School Health.

Answer 9

Healthy child development can be promoted through the Comprehensive School Health Framework (CSHF). This approach to child health moves beyond the behavioural and healthy living approach, to, as its name implies, a comprehensive framework for health promotion. Central to the philosophy of Comprehensive School Health (CSH) is the belief that “healthy learners are better learners”

Question 10

Which WHO documents provided the basis for CSH?

Answer 10

CSH has its roots in population health, particularly the 1986 WHO’s seminal Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion and 1997 Jakarta Declaration

Question 11

Social and physical environment pillar

Answer 11

Social and physical environment (e.g., programs support physical activity, environments are inclusive and welcoming, schools are built in environmentally safe areas).

Question 12

CHS pillars

Answer 12

• Social and physical environments
• Teaching and learning
• Healthy school policy
• Partnerships and services

Question 13

Teaching and Learning Pillar

Answer 13

Teaching and learning (programs are typically universal and upstream in their approach; programs build developmental assets, nurture development of protective factors and resiliency, and target students’ knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behaviours).

Question 14

Healthy School Policy Pillar

Answer 14

Healthy school policy (e.g., nutrition policies, tobacco-free policies).

Question 15

Partnership and Services pillar

Answer 15

Partnerships and services (e.g., programs involve intersectoral and interprofessional partnerships between the school and community; and the accessibility of health services in the school, particularly primary and secondary preventions, are considered)

Question 16

What are the benefits of a CSH approach?

Answer 16

• better learning outcomes for students;
• better health and well-being for students, educators and staff;
• more effective learning and teaching; and,
• a more cooperative and connected school environment.

Question 17

How would all Canadians benefit from improved early childhood development?

Answer 17

• increased feelings of support from school;
• improved behavior and healthy choices at home and in the community;
• enhanced resources and opportunities;
• development of unique networks of services and programs for all; and,
• increased understanding of connections between curriculum and real life.

Question 18

What factors have led to obesity in child/youth?

Answer 18

• Students who skipped breakfast were more likely to have weight issues and to eat unhealthy foods at lunch at school.
• Poverty puts populations at increased risk for poorer health.
• Slow eating
• • Picky patterns
• • Food preferences
• • Allergies
• • Acute or chronic health problems
• • Changes with acceleration and deceleration of growth

Question 19

Why might the eating habits of a 4-year-old be important?

Answer 19

• Atherosclerosis begins during childhood. Other diseases such as obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cancer may have early beginnings also.
• Children’s weight and growth are documented prior to the age of 4. Assessing what their dietary intake is like can help parent’s reorientation to make better choices and prevent poor health outcomes for developing

Question 20

An important role in the work of CHNs is in the area of injury prevention. Why is this such important work?

Answer 20

• Most injuries and accidents are preventable.
• most parents were unaware of the serious risks of injury to children under 14 years of age
• The CHN identifies risk factors by assessing the characteristics of the child, family, and environment. Interventions include anticipatory guidance, environmental modification, and safety education. Education should focus on age-appropriate interventions based on knowledge of the leading causes of death and risk factors.

Question 21

What type of focus is more successful in terms of Anti-smoking programs for children and teens? Why?

Answer 21

• Antismoking programs directed at children and teenagers are more successful if the focus is on short-term rather than long-term effects. Developmentally, children and teenagers cannot visualize the future to imagine the consequences of smoking. Also, teenagers often perceive themselves to be invincible and believe “it will not happen to me.”

Question 22

How can CHNs work upstream to combat the negative effects of smoking or vaping with youth?

Answer 22

• Enforcement of restrictions on the sale of tobacco to minors
• An increase in funds for antismoking education
• A ban on the sale of e-cigarettes to youth under the minimum age for tobacco consumption

Question 23

Schools are where:

Answer 23

Children & youth learn, play and love
Adults work and engage
Families and neighbourhoods gather

Question 24

BC Adolescent Health Survey gathers data on

Answer 24

Child Behaviour
Child Physical & Mental Health
Family Economic Well-being
Youth Goals

Question 25

HELP

Answer 25

Human Early Learning Partnership –UBC

Question 26

EDI

Answer 26

Early Development Instrument

Question 27

MDI

Answer 27

Middle Development Instrument

Question 28

What Is Comprehensive School Health?

Answer 28

“CSH is an internationally recognized framework for supporting improvements in students’ educational outcomes while addressing school health in a planned, integrated and holistic way.” (Healthy Schools BC, 2015)

Question 29

What is a health promoting school?

Answer 29

A health promoting school is one that constantly strengthens its capacity as a healthy setting for living, learning and working.” (Healthy Schools BC, 2015)

Question 30

Obesity prevelance Canada

Answer 30

Over 1 in 4 Canadian adults are obese, and children/youth aged 6-17, 8.6% are obese (obese: 20% or more above ideal weight)