Community Flashcards
What is a community?
A group, population or cluster of people who work, live and play in an environment at one given time. They share at least one common characteristic or concern. They function in a social system that meets their needs within a larger social system such as an organization or region
5 main principles of the Canada health act:
- Public administration (non-profit basis)
- Comprehensiveness (insurance provided)
- Universitilaty (all insured residents have equal access to care)
- Portability (healthcare moves with you)
- Accessibility (everybody should have reasonable access to care)
What is the Canada Health Act?
Federal legislation that puts in place conditions by which individual provinces and territories in Canada may receive funding for health services
PHAC
Public Health Agency of Canada
Why was the PHAC formed?
Formed in 2004 in response to SARS
CIHR
Canadian Institute of Health Research
HBFB
Health Products and Food Branch
HECSB
Healthy Environment & Consumer Safety
Under which organisation would a “walking school bus” reside?
HECSB: responsible for safety and walkability of school zones
FNIHB
First Nations and Inuit Health Branch
What are the 5 Health Authorities in BC?
- Interior Health
- Fraser Health
- Island Health
- Vancouver Health
- Northern Health
What are the functions & dynamics of a healthy community?
Functions:
- Space and infrastructure
- Employment and income
- Security, protection and Law
- Socialising and Networking
- Links to other communities
Dynamics:
1. Communication
2. Leadership
3. Decision Making
Society
The systems that incorporate the social, political, economic and cultural infrastructure to address issues of concern
Population
A large group of people who have at least 1 characteristic in common and reside in a community
Group or Aggregrate
Subpopulation: A group within a group
Family
2 or more individuals who depend on each other for emotional, physical or financial support
individual
1 human being
Why was Canada’s Health Act introduced and when was it enacted?
In order to create a more equitable national health care system for all Canadians, the federal government created the Canada Health Act, which was enacted in 1984.
Federal Chief Public Health Officer
Dr Theresa Tam
Public Health Officer BC
Bonnie Hendry
three principles of action to advance health equity
- improve daily living conditions
- tackle the inequitable distribution of power, money, and resources
- Understand the problem and assess the impact of action
Additional Indigenous SDOH (4)
- Colonialism
- Geography
- Land and environmental rights
- Policies for their impacts on the health of Indigenous peoples in Canada
health inequities
When differences in determinants of health and health status within or between groups are shown to be systematic and avoidable, they are unfair and are called health inequities
When CHNs observe/notice injustice how should they move forward in their work?
- Working for social justice as a CHN involves two guiding principles: recognizing inequities and taking action to eliminate them. Recognizing inequities means identifying, understanding, and being able to describe inequities or injustices, the reasons for their presence, and how they affect population subgroups (including nurses). Responsible action to eliminate inequities means advocating for the reduction of the sources of oppression and working toward parity and fairness.
Primary care
care refers to the first contact between individuals and the health care system (health care providers). It usually relates to the curative treatment of disease (CNA, 2015), rehabilitation, and preventive measures, such as immunization, smoking cessation, and dietary changes. Primary care is not necessarily comprehensive care, nor is it necessarily intersectoral.
primary health care
comprehensive care that includes disease prevention, community development, a wide spectrum of services and programs, working in interprofessional teams, and intersectoral collaboration for healthy public policy
- Why is Primary Health Care especially relevant for CHNs?
As members of a primary health care interprofessional team, CHNs are well positioned to address the social determinants of health and health inequities that affect their patients.
Upstream thinking
HEALTH PROMOTION
- looks beyond the individual to take a macroscopic, big-picture population focus. It also includes a primary prevention perspective and is a population health approach. At this level, CHNs ask, “How can we change the ‘causes of the causes,’ or the conditions that set up the conditions for the illness or injury?”
Midstream thinking
SCREENING/ MICROPOLICY
- addresses the micropolicy level: regional, local, community, or organizational. At this level, CHNs ask, “How can we change the causes of the illness or injury?”
Downstream thinking
INDIVIDUAL/ TREATMENT
-refers to taking an individual curative focus, a view that does not consider economic, sociopolitical, and environmental factors. At this level, CHNs ask, “How can the illness and its consequences be treated?”
Primordial prevention
prevention includes broader activities that focus on preventing the emergence of risk factors that are known to create the conditions for disease. Specifically, it involves actions to inhibit social, economic, and environmental factors that are known health hazards.
Examples of primordial prevention are national policies and programs on obesity and nutrition involving the agricultural sector, the food industry, and the food import–export sector.
Primary prevention
activities seek to prevent the occurrence of a disease (based on the natural history of a disease) or an injury.
Examples of primary prevention include administering individual and mass immunizations, organizing community vaccination programs for influenza, and educating a community about the importance of handwashing to prevent the spread of infection.
Secondary prevention
activities seek to detect a disease early in its progression (early pathogenesis), before clinical signs and symptoms become apparent, to make a diagnosis and begin treatment.
Examples of secondary prevention include conducting health screening programs to assess vision and hearing or to detect breast cancer, cervical cancer, hypertension, and scoliosis.
Tertiary prevention
activities begin once a disease has become obvious; the goals are to interrupt the course of the disease, reduce the amount of disability that might occur, and begin rehabilitation.
An example of tertiary prevention would be cardiac rehabilitation at a local wellness centre for groups of patients who have been recently discharged from hospital following a cardiovascular event.
What is the difference between working in the community and working with the community
When the CHN provides health care to individuals and families, the focus is on health promotion and disease prevention, and the CHN views the community as a resource; therefore, the CHN is said to be working in the community. When the CHN views the community itself as the patient and applies the community health nursing process to the whole community, the CHN is said to be working with the community.
What is the primary focus of PHNs
The primary focus of public health nursing, for example, is on populations and the health of the community
What is the primary focus of HHNs
home health care nursing tends to focus on the health of individuals and families
The HHN assesses patient health concerns as well as the services that are available in order to plan the most appropriate course of action for a particular patient, such as an individual or a family. Throughout care delivery, the HHN educates and counsels patients so that they can learn better ways of taking care of themselves.
