School

Question 1

What were the 2 speech codes?

Answer 1

The restricted code

The elaborated code

Question 2

What is the restricted code?

Answer 2

Working class use it normally
Limited vocabulary
Short unfinished grammatically simple sentences
Descriptive not analytic
Speaker assumes the listener had the same set of experiences

Question 3

What is the elaborated code?

Answer 3

Middle class use it normally 
Wider vocabulary 
Longer grammatically complex sentences 
Communicates abstract ideas 
Context free

Question 4

Why do these codes put working class at a disadvantage and middle at an advantage?

Answer 4

Elaborated code is used by teachers text books and exams 
Makes middle class feel at home at school making them more likely to succeed

Question 5

What is a criticism to Bernstein speech codes?

Answer 5

Working class are failing because they are culturally deprived because school is not teaching them how to use the elaborated code

Question 6

Who believed working class out less value on education?

Answer 6

Douglas 1964

Question 7

Who said parents education was the most important factor affecting children’s achievement

Answer 7

Leon Feinstein 2008

Question 8

Who believes parental interest reflects the subculture values and says there are four key features of the working class subculture that act as a educational barrier and what are they?

Answer 8

Bart Sugarman 1970 
Fatalism 
Collectivism 
Immediate gratification 
Present time orientation

Question 9

Who says cultural deprivation is a myth and sees it as victim blaming

Answer 9

Nell Keddie 1973

Question 10

Marilyn Howard said what?

Answer 10

Working class have less vitamins so have more days off school for illness and therefore failure in school is more likely

Question 11

Working class children are more likely to engage in externalising behaviour like fighting which will disrupt their schooling according to who?

Answer 11

Jo Blanden and Stephen Machin 2007

Question 12

Who talks about the cost of free schooling

Answer 12

David Bull 1980

Question 13

Who found nearly 2000 prospective students survey found working class are more debt averse

Answer 13

Claire Callender and Jon Jackson 2005

Question 14

Who argues that not cultural and maternal factors contribute to educational achievement

Answer 14

Pierre Bourdieu 1984

Question 15

Who came up with labelling theory ?

Answer 15

Howard Becker 1971

Question 16

Who did a study on the self for filling prophecy in oak community school and found that 47% of the “spurters” made significant progress?

Answer 16

Robert Rosenthal and Leonora Jacobson

Question 17

Who does studies on streaming and talks about it?

Answer 17

Gillborn and Youdell

Question 18

Who talks about pupil subcultures?

Answer 18

Colin Lacey

Question 19

Peter woods says there are what responses to labelling and streaming?

Answer 19

Ingratiation (teachers pet)
Ritualise (going through motions and staying out of trouble)
Retreatism (mucking about/daydreaming)
Rebellion (reject everything school stands for)

Question 20

Who criticise labelling theory for ignoring wider structures of power within which labelling takes place?

Answer 20

Marxists 
Because teachers work in a system that reproduces class divisions

Question 21

Who has symbolic capital?

Answer 21

Middle class which is deemed worthwhile and has value

Question 22

Who said that working class pupils felt like that to be successful in education they would have to change how they leaked and presented themselves

Answer 22

Archer

Question 23

Who argued that schools middle class habits stigmatised working class pupils identities while middle class see their Nike identities and tasteless?

Answer 23

Archer

Question 24

Who talked about speech codes?

Answer 24

Basil Bernstein 1975