Schoenwald - End of Renal/Bladder

Question 1

3 sx of diabetic nephropathy

Answer 1

accelerated microvascular degeneration

nephritic syndrome

ischemia

Question 2

4 sx of cystitis

Answer 2

dysuria

frequency/urgency

suprapubic discomfort

(+) leukocyte esterase and nitrates

Question 3

inflammation of kidney dt infxn

Answer 3

acute pyelonephritis

Question 4

2 causes of acute pyelonephritis

Answer 4

ascending infxn

hematogenous spread

Question 5

mc pathogens associated w. acute pyelonephritis (3)

Answer 5

e.coli

proteus

enterobacter

Question 6

5 sx of acute pyelonephritis

Answer 6

white cell casts

acute onset

f/c

rigors

back pain w. CVA tenderness

Question 7

3 rf for acute pyelonephritis

Answer 7

obstruction

vesicoureteral reflux

DM

lesions, trauma, pregnancy, intercourse

Question 8

2 complications of acute pyelonephritis

Answer 8

emphysematous pyelonephritis

papillary necrosis

Question 9

what type of pyelonephritis is caused by e.coli, is common in DM, and leads to gas production

Answer 9

emphysematous

Question 10

what type of pyelonephritis is caused by ischemia, infxn, and obstruction

Answer 10

papillary

Question 11

pt pop at risk for papillary acute pyelonephritis

Answer 11

ssa

Question 12

mc type of kidney stone

Answer 12

calcium oxalate

Question 13

only radiolucent stone, associated w. leukemia and lymphoma

Answer 13

uric acid

Question 14

staghorn calculi; associated w. proteus, povidencia, pseudomonas

Answer 14

struvite stone

Question 15

fluid filled benign cysts in cortex

Answer 15

simple cysts

Question 16

hereditary dz; often manifests during adulthood; htn, chronic UTI, complication is berry aneurysm and SAH

Answer 16

polycystic kidney dz

Question 17

2 mc types of renal neoplasm

Answer 17

renal cell carcinoma

wilms tumor → kids

Question 18

3 rf for renal carcinoma

Answer 18

smoking

calcium → gold mine workers

chronic dialysis

Question 19

mc histologic subtype of renal call carcinoma

Answer 19

clear cell

Question 20

renal cell carcinoma commonly invades the __

and metastasizes to the __

Answer 20

renal vein

heart

Question 21

renal carcinoma can produce __.

resulting in polycythemia

Answer 21

EPO

Question 22

triad of renal cell carcinoma

Answer 22

hematuria

flank pain

palpable mass (10% of pt’s)

Question 23

polycythemia

hypercalcemia

htn

Answer 23

renal cell carcinoma → paraneoplastic syndrome

Question 24

benign small outpouchings/evaginations of bladder caused by bladder outlet obstruction

Answer 24

bladder diverticula

Question 25

bladder diverticula are a rf for

Answer 25

bladder stones

Question 26

impairment of bladder fxn as a result of various conditions → increased risk of chronic infxn

Answer 26

neurogenic bladder

Question 27

major cause of neurogenic bladder

Answer 27

MS

Question 28

mc type of bladder ca

Answer 28

transitional cell

Question 29

3 rf for transitional cell carcinoma

Answer 29

smoking NSAIDs chronic cystitis

Question 30

what type of transitional cell carcinoma can be removed w.o removing the whole bladder

Answer 30

papillary

Question 31

schistosomiasis (s. hematobium) is linked w.

Answer 31

squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder