Schmidt og Bannon 1992 Taking CSCW seriously Flashcards

1
Q

Hvorfor er et “Common reference point” vigtigt?

A

For at skabe et fælles udgangspunkt, så folk der er aktive inden for CSCW kommer til at fokusere på relevante teknikker inden for emnet.

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2
Q

Hvad er de tre definitioner af CSCW?

A
  1. Man fokuserer på computerens rolle til at understøtte samarbejde mellem mennesker.

2.Bannon og Schmidt: Man fokuserer på at forstå cooperativt arbejde sådan at man kan lave computer teknologi til at understøtte det.

  1. Suchman: Design af computer systemer med fokus på hvordan mennesker samarbejder i socialt organiseret praksis.
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3
Q

Hvad dækker “CS” over og hvad betyder det for feltet og vores fokus?

A

Computer Support er commited til krav og behov for folk der laver cooperativt arbejde. Den giver de redskaber og koordinerer cooperationen mellem mennesker.

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4
Q

Hvad er det commitment? Og hvad er forholdet til teknologi (techniques)?

A

CSCW er commited til at støtte cooperativt arbejde. Vi skal først fokusere på at forstå krav og behov fra cooperativt arbejde og DEREFTER på teknikker og teknologi. Vi må IKKE have et teknologi drevet syn på tingene.

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5
Q

Hvad er definitionen og hvad menes der med “CSCW is basically a design oriented research area.

A

Idet du skal designe et bestemt computer system der kan støtte det cooperative arbejde i et bestemt organisation. Man forstå selve organisationens arbejdskultur og sammarbejde og derefter designer et bestemt struktur til at understøtte dette.

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6
Q

Diskuter de sidste to bogstaver i CSCW. Hvad består den “rampant confusion af”?

A

De betyder cooperative work, men der er mange forskellige former for cooperative work og forskellige definitioner. Derfor opstår der forvirring.

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7
Q

Collaboration vs Cooperation

A

Collaborative: Collaboration refers to a group of individuals working together towards a common goal or objective. It emphasizes joint effort, shared decision-making, and collective contribution. In collaborative work, individuals actively participate and contribute their expertise, knowledge, and skills to achieve a common outcome. Collaborative work often involves simultaneous or parallel work on a shared task, where team members interact and communicate in real-time or near real-time. Examples of collaborative activities in CSCW include co-authoring a document, brainstorming ideas in a group discussion, or collaborating on a design project.

Cooperative: Cooperation, on the other hand, focuses on the division of labor and the coordination of individual efforts to accomplish a task. In cooperative work, different individuals or subgroups perform distinct tasks that are interdependent and contribute to the overall goal. Each individual or subgroup works on their assigned portion independently, and their outputs are later integrated to achieve the desired outcome. Cooperation often involves sequential or asynchronous work, where team members work on their parts at different times or in different locations. Examples of cooperative activities in CSCW include a software development project with different teams working on separate modules or a production process with different workers handling specific tasks.

Too hard didn’t read. Beetlejuice below

Collaborative Work (Beetlejuice Version):
Picture this, my spooky friend Beetlejuice! We’re throwing the most epic Halloween party ever, and we need everyone’s input and help to make it happen. We’ll gather in the graveyard at midnight and collaborate on every aspect of the party. We’ll brainstorm together, exchange ideas for decorations, costumes, music, and spooky games. We’ll work in real-time, bouncing off each other’s suggestions, and making joint decisions. We’ll divide tasks among ourselves and actively contribute to bring our collective vision to life. It’ll be a chaotic and exhilarating collaborative effort, just like your wild and unpredictable antics!

Cooperative Work (Beetlejuice Version):
Hey there, Beetlejuice! We’re planning a Halloween party, and we can count on your spooky expertise! We’ll split the work into different stages and assign tasks to different groups. One team will handle decorations, another will take care of the music playlist, and yet another will plan the games. Each group will work independently, focusing on their assigned area, and using their creativity to the fullest. Once everyone has completed their part, we’ll come together and combine all the elements into a spectacular Halloween party. It’s like the way you work in the netherworld - everyone doing their thing and then bringing it all together for a hauntingly amazing event!

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8
Q

Hvordan defineres cooperative work?

A

The term ‘cooperative work’ should be taken as the general and neutral
designation of multiple persons working together to produce a product or service.

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9
Q

Afgørende kriterier bag cooperative work

A

At arbejdet kan intersekterer med hinanden.

Man distributerer arbejdet i tid og sted

Du har et protocol mellem de forskellige roller i forhold til udførslen af den cooperative arbejde.

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10
Q

Hvad betyder det at folk skal “articulate” deres aktiviteter ift. cooperative work?

A

Når der sker cooperative work er man afhængige af hindanden for at nå et fælles mål. Arbejdet er distribueret mellem mennesker. For at vi kan nå vores mål er vi nødt til at koordinere vores indsats. Dette kaldes “articulation work”

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11
Q

Hvad er “mechanisms of interaciton” og hvordan kommer de til udtryk eller manifesteres?

A

Mechanisms of interaction er noget vi bruger for at reducere overhead fra articulation work. Det er f.eks. organisatoriske strukturer, planer og standard operational procedures.

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12
Q

Refleksionsspørgsmål: Hvordan er “cooperative work”, “articulation work” og “mechanisms of interaction” relateret til SWEA (fx clean-code, maintainability, tests, patterns, commits, libraries)?

A

Eksempler fra swea.

Cooperative work: Objekter er interdependent (afhængige) af hinanden. og coopererer for at nå et fælles mål. F.eks. skal Paystation bruge en ratestrategy for at udregne minutter og en ratestrategy skal bruge en Paystation for at give den mængden af penge.

Articulation work: Da objekterne er afhængige af hinanden, skal de kommunikere og koordinere deres roller og arbejde. Paystation holder styr på hvem der gør hvad.

Mechanisms of interaction: Her kan man f.eks. tale om en standard operation procedure. Når vi møder et bestemt problem benytter vi et egnet pattern. Så ved alle der har taget swea hvad der er tale om.

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13
Q

Hvorfor/hvornår opstår “cooperative work” og hvilke omstændigheder er det et svar på ?

A

Når man skal udfører et arbejde der kan ikke udføres individuelt

At man har brug for flerer forskellige specialiseringer, hvilket er umuligt at være i possesion af kun et menneske

At man ser problemet med flerer forskellige perspektiver, derfor kan man finde bedre løsninger til problemet og tager det mere i bredde perspektiv.

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14
Q

Hvordan defineres “Common Information Space”?

A

Dem der laver cooperativt arbejde har en fælles forståelse af data. De har tilgang til, ser og manipulerer det samme sæt af data.

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15
Q

Hvilken rolle spiller “interpretation work” i forhold til “Common Information Space”?

A

Det er at folk i et common information space fortolker ting på den samme måde. Det er vigtigt når folk laver et common information space, at de udfører handlinger der gør, at de får den samme fortolkning af tingene.

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16
Q

Hvad menes der med “Supporting the Management of Workflows”?

A

supporting the management of workflows in CSCW means designing computer systems that go beyond rigid procedural models. These systems should be flexible, adaptable, and open to interpretation. They should support users in negotiating, articulating, and coordinating tasks, as well as provide alternative channels of communication to facilitate effective collaboration. By embracing these principles, CSCW systems can enhance productivity and enable workers to navigate the complexities of real-world cooperative work arrangements.

17
Q

Hvad er de 3 udfordringer i systemudviklingen

A

1) Identify the originator of the information:

  • At man kan blive påvirket af forfatterenes perspektiv ved at læse hans/hendes informationer

2) Identifying the context of information:

  • At man ikke ved konkret hvordan forfatteren kom frem til de forskellige informationer.

3) Identifying the politics of the information:

  • At man ikke ved helt hvis det information du har fået er den fulde billede eller at den er skrevet såsom at det vil give mest fordele til forfatteren.
18
Q

Hvad er de 3 udfordringer i systemudviklingen

A

1) Identify the originator of the information:

  • At man kan blive påvirket af forfatterenes perspektiv ved at læse hans/hendes informationer

2) Identifying the context of information:

  • At man ikke ved konkret hvordan forfatteren kom frem til de forskellige informationer.

3) Identifying the politics of the information:

  • At man ikke ved helt hvis det information du har fået er den fulde billede eller at den er skrevet såsom at det vil give mest fordele til forfatteren.