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Diagnosis (DSM-5 and beyond) > Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of delusion is a belief that one is going to be harmed or harassed by an individual, organization, or other group. It is also the most common type of delusion.

A

Persecutory.

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2
Q

What is the definition of a referential delusion?

A

The belief that certain gestures, and environmental cues are directed at oneself.

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3
Q

What type of delusion is defined as an individual believing he or she has exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame?

A

Grandiose.

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4
Q

What is an erotomanic delusion?

A

The false belief that another person is in love with him or her.

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5
Q

What type of delusion involves the conviction that a major catastrophe will occur?

A

Nihilistic.

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6
Q

Which delusion focuses on preoccupations regarding health and organ function?

A

Somatic delusions.

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7
Q

When is a delusion deemed bazaar?

A

A delusion is bazaar if they are clearly implausible and not understandable to same culture peers and do not derive from ordinary life experiences.

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8
Q

What is the definition of a hallucination?

A

A hallucination is a perception like experience that occurs without an external stimulus.

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9
Q

Hallucinations can occur in any sensory modality but what type of hallucination is the most common in schizophrenia and related disorders?

A

Auditory hallucinations.

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10
Q

In terms of disorganized thinking and speech what is the derailment?

A

Switching from one topic to another.

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11
Q

In terms of disorganized thinking and speech what is tangentiality considered?

A

Answers to questions may be obliquely related or completely unrelated.

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12
Q

What is the rarest type of disorganized thinking or speech in schizophrenia spectrum disorders?

A

Incoherence or “word salad”.

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13
Q

What is the definition of catatonic behavior?

A

Catatonic behavior is defined as a marked decrease in reactivity to the environment.

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14
Q

What are the two prominent negative symptoms in schizophrenia and related disorders?

A

Diminished emotional expression and avolition.

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15
Q

What is the definition of avolition?

A

A decrease in motivated self initiated purposeful activity.

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16
Q

Are psychotic disorders considered homogenous or heterogenous?

A

Heterogenous.

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17
Q

For a diagnosis of delusional disorder what is the duration?

A

One month or longer.

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18
Q

True or false. An individual can be diagnosed with delusional disorder if he or she has met the criteria for schizophrenia?

A

False.

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19
Q

True or false. In delusional disorder, hallucinations if they are present are not prominent, And are related to the delusional theme.

A

True.

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20
Q

What are the most prominent types of somatic delusions?

A

That one is emitting a foul odor, and infestation of insects on the skin.

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21
Q

True or false. Individuals with delusional disorder may be able to factually describe that others view their beliefs as irrational but are unable to except this themselves.

A

True.

22
Q

What is the most common type of delusion seen in delusional disorder?

A

Persecutory.

23
Q

True or false. Jealous type of delusional disorder is more common in females.

A

False.

24
Q

What are the four areas of behavior to consider when diagnosing someone with brief psychotic disorder?

A

Delusion. Hallucinations. Disorganized speech. And grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior.

25
Q

In order for someone to be diagnosed with brief psychotic disorder, what is the timeframe of the disorder?

A

At least one day but less than one month.

26
Q

True or false. Individuals with brief psychotic disorder typically experience emotional turmoil or overwhelming confusion.

A

True.

27
Q

Which gender is brief psychotic disorder more common in?

A

Females.

28
Q

What is the average age of onset for brief psychotic disorder?

A

Mid 30s.

29
Q

For a diagnosis of schiziphreniform disorder an individual must have two or more of what symptoms?

A

Delusions. Hallucinations. Disorganize speech. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. Negative symptoms.

30
Q

For diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder, an episode of the disorder must last how long?

A

At least one month but less than six months.

31
Q

Criteria a for schizophrenia states that there must be two or more of the following symptoms. What are they?

A

Delusions. Hallucinations. Disorganize speech. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior. Negative symptoms.

32
Q

For a diagnosis of schizophrenia symptoms must be continuous for how many months?

A

Six months.

33
Q

Is schizophrenia heterogenous or homogenous?

A

Heterogenous.

34
Q

In schizophrenia, what is common during the residual and prodromal phases?

A

Negative symptoms.

35
Q

In schizophrenia, what does anosognosia refer to?

A

Lacking insight or awareness if their condition.

36
Q

What are some of the associated features of schizophrenia?

A

Inappropriate affect. Disturbed sleep patterns. Lack of interest in food. Reduction in attention. Deficits in inferring intentions of others. Interpret irrelevant events or stimuli as meaningful.

37
Q

What is the most common predictor of non-adherence to medication, higher relapse rates, aggression, and poorer course of illness in schizophrenia?

A

Anosognosia.

38
Q

True or false. Individuals with schizophrenia are typically aggressive.

A

False.

39
Q

Physiologically, how is schizophrenia different than other mental disorders?

A

White matter connectivity, gray matter volume, reduced brain volume, and frontal and temporal cortices.

40
Q

When do the psychotic features if schizophrenia typically emerge.

A

Between late teens and mid 30s.

41
Q

True or false. For the majority of individuals the development of schizophrenia is rapid.

A

False. Development is gradual and slow.

42
Q

True or false. Early age of onset for schizophrenia is associated with worse prognosis.

A

True.

43
Q

Why do psychotic symptoms diminish over the course do schizophrenia.

A

Age related declines in dopamine levels.

44
Q

What is unique to a schizoaffective diagnosis?

A

Addition of a major mood episode. Major depressive or manic.

45
Q

In order to receive a schizoaffective diagnosis an individual must have delusions or hallucinations for how long in the absence of a mood episode.

A

Two weeks.

46
Q

In schizoaffective disorder the major depressive episode must include what?

A

Pervasive depressed mood.

47
Q

True or false. Diminished interest or pleasure is sufficient enough to receive a schizoaffective diagnosis.

A

False.

48
Q

True or false. Deficits and negative symptoms in schizoaffective disorder are less severe and pervasive than schizophrenia.

A

True.

49
Q

What are the twelve symptoms associated with catatonia?

A

Stupor. Catalepsy. Waxy flexibility. Mutism. Negativism. Posturing. Mannerisms. Stereotype. Agitation not influenced by external stimuli. Grimacing. Echolalia. Echopraxia.

50
Q

What medical conditions are known to cause catatonia?

A

Neurological and metabolic conditions.

51
Q

What disorder is diagnosed if the psychotic symptoms are below The threshold for full psychosis. Symptoms are transient and less severe and insight is maintained.

A

Attenuated psychosis syndrome.

52
Q

Define delusions as they pertain to schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders.

A

Delusions are fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence.

Diagnosis (DSM-5 and beyond) (5 decks)

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