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Diagnosis (DSM-5 and beyond) > Bipolar and Related Disorders > Flashcards

Bipolar and Related Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is a manic episode for bipolar I disorder?

A

Abnormally and persistently elevated, expensive, or irritable mood and persistently increased goal directed activity or energy.

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2
Q

To qualify as a manic episode how long must symptomology last for?

A

One week.

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3
Q

What are the defining characteristics (7) of a manic episode?

A

Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity. Decreased need for sleep. More talkative or pressure to keep talking. Flight of ideas/thoughts are racing. Distractibility. Increase in goal directed activity or psychomotor agitation. Excessive involvement in activities with high potential for painful consequences.

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4
Q

True or false. At least one lifetime manic episode is required for the diagnosis of bipolar I disorder?

A

True.

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5
Q

What is the difference between a manic and hypomanic episode?

A

A hypomanic episode must last at least four consecutive days whereas a manic episode is a week duration.

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6
Q

True or false. Someone can have psychotic features during a hypomanic episode.

A

False.

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7
Q

For an individual to have a major depressive episodes, symptoms must be present for how long?

A

Same two week period.

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8
Q

What are the defining features of a major depressive episode?

A

Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day. Diminished interest or pleasure in all activities. Significant weight loss or weight gain, decrease or increase in appetite. Insomnia or hyposomnia. Psychomotor agitation or retardation. Fatigue or loss of energy. Worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness. Reoccurring thoughts of death, or recurrent suicidal ideation.

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9
Q

For a major depressive episode, what does depressed mood look like in children?

A

Depressed mood may be seen as an irritable mood instead.

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10
Q

For a child or adolescent to be diagnosed with major depressive episode, significant weight loss or weight gain may look like what?

A

Instead of weight gain or weight loss consider failure to make expected weight gains.

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11
Q

True or false. Major depressive episodes are required for a diagnosis of bipolar I disorder.

A

False

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12
Q

What does the mood in a manic episode look like?

A

euphoric, excessively cheerful, “feeling on top of the world”.

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13
Q

What is lability?

A

Rapid shifts in mood over brief periods of time

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14
Q

What does a manic episode look like in children?

A

Happiness, silliness, goofiness. These qualities are recurrent, and inappropriate to the context and beyond what is expected for the developmental level of the child.

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15
Q

True or false. During a manic episode individuals believe they are ill and need treatment and do not resist efforts to be treated.

A

False

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16
Q

60% of manic episodes occur immediately before what ?

A

Major depressive episode.

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17
Q

True or false. Females are more likely to experience rapid cycling or mixed states.

A

True.

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18
Q

True or false. Males are more likely to experience depressive episodes in bipolar I disorder?

A

False.

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19
Q

How does an individual get diagnosed with bipolar II disorder ?

A

Must meet the criteria for current or last hypomanic episode and past or current major depressive episode.

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20
Q

True or false. A person with at least one manic episode can be diagnosed with bipolar II disorder.

A

False.

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21
Q

True or false. One can use the with seasonal pattern specifier on any type of bipolar episode?

A

False. It can only be used with depressive episodes.

22
Q

Do hypomanic episodes need to cause clinically significant distress ?

A

No only depressive episodes do.

23
Q

When do individuals with bipolar II typically present to a clinician?

A

During a major depressive episode.

24
Q

True or false. Bipolar II is a milder form of a bipolar I disorder.

A

False.

25
Q

Which bipolar disorder has greater chronicity and typically spend more time in a depressive phase.

A

Bipolar II disorder.

26
Q

True or false. The interval between mood episodes in the course of bipolar II disorder tend to increase with age.

A

False.

27
Q

Can an individual have a hypomanic episode and receive a diagnosis of major depressive disorder ?

A

No.

28
Q

What type if bipolar II disorder has the poorest prognosis.

A

Rapid cycling pattern.

29
Q

What is the most common co-occurring disorder with bipolar II disorder.

A

Anxiety disorders.

30
Q

What us the defining characteristic of cyclothymic disorder?

A

Numerous periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a hypomanic episode. Numerous periods with depressive symptoms that do not meet criteria for a major depressive episode.

31
Q

How long must an individual have hypomanic and depressive symptoms for in order to be diagnosed with cyclothymic disorder.

A

Two years.

32
Q

During the two years of cyclothymic symptomology, symptoms are present half the time. How long can an individual go without having symptoms to qualify for this diagnosis?

A

No more than Two months.

33
Q

Which bipolar related disorder is defined as chronic, and fluctuating mood disturbances?

A

Cyclothymic disorder.

34
Q

True or false. If a person experiences symptoms that qualify for a major depressive or hypomanic episode, cyclothymic disorder remains the diagnosis.

A

False.

35
Q

When does cyclothymic disorder typically begin.

A

Adolescence or early adulthood.

36
Q

True or false. Cyclothymic disorder has an insidious onset and persistent course.

A

True.

37
Q

How does cyclothymic disorder get diagnosed in children?

A

Symptoms must last a year instead if two.

38
Q

What is the mean age at onset for child diagnosed cyclothymic disorder?

A

6.5 years.

39
Q

When is bipolar specified as with anxious distress?

A

Feeling keyed up or tense. Feeling unusually restless. Difficulty concentrating because of worry. Fear that something awful may happen. And feeling that one may lose control.

40
Q

For a manic or hypomanic episode to be specified as with mixed features what must be prominent?

A

Prominent dysphoria or depressed mood. Diminished interest or pleasure. Psychomotor retardation. Fatigue or loss of energy. Worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt. Reoccurring thoughts of death.

41
Q

For a depressive episode to be Specified as with mixed features what must be present?

A

Elevated, expansive mood. Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity. More talkative or pressure to keep talking. Flight of ideas-thoughts are racing. Increase in energy or goal directed activity. Excessive involvement in activities that have high potential for painful consequences. Decreased need for sleep.

42
Q

When does a bipolar disorder get rapid cycling specifier?

A

When there are at Least four mood episodes in the previous twelve months.

43
Q

True or false. Bipolar episodes can happen in an combination or order.

A

True.

44
Q

Describe the melancholic specifier for bipolar disorder.

A

Loss of pleasure. Lack of reactivity to usually pleasurable stimuli. The distinct quality of depressed mood characterized by despair, moroseness or empty mood. Depression that is worse in the morning. Early morning awakening. Psychomotor agitation or retardation. Anorexia or weight loss. Excessive or inappropriate guilt.

45
Q

What is included I the atypical specifier for bipolar related disorders.

A

Mood reactivity. Significant weight gain or increase in appetite. Hypersomnia. Leaden paralysis. Inter-personal rejection sensitivity.

46
Q

What is mood reactivity?

A

Capacity to be cheered up when presented with positive events.

47
Q

What is hypersomnia?

A

Extended periods of nighttime sleep or daytime napping that totals at least 10 hours per day.

48
Q

What are mood-congruent psychotic features?

A

Manic themes of grandiosity, and invulnerability.

49
Q

How long must a season pattern be present to have bipolar diagnosed with a seasonal pattern specifier.

A

Two years.

50
Q

True or false. In order to meet the diagnostic criteria for bipolar I disorder one must have a manic episode.

A

True.

Diagnosis (DSM-5 and beyond) (5 decks)

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