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Assessment & Diagnosis > Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Schizophrenia Spectrum includes:

A
  • Schizophrenia
  • other psychotic disorders
  • Schizotypal (personality) disorder
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2
Q

Schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and Schizotypal (personality) disorder are all defined by…

A

Abnormalities in one or more of the 5 domains

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3
Q

5 Domains of Abnormalities

A
  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations
  • Disorganized thinking (speech)
  • Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior (including catatonia)
  • Negative symptoms
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4
Q

Negative Symptom

A

Demunition or loss of functioning

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5
Q

Most common Negative Symptoms seen in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders

A
  • Diminished emotional expression
  • Avolition
  • Alogia
  • Anhedonia
  • Asociality
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6
Q

Diminished emotional expression

A

A Negative Symptom:

- Reductions in expression in face, eye contact, and movements of hand, head, face that give emotion to speech

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7
Q

Avolition

A

A Negative Symptom:

  • Decrease in motivated self-initiated purposeful activities
  • May stir for long periods of time and show little interest in activities
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8
Q

Alogia

A

A Negative Symptom:

- Diminished speech output

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9
Q

Anhedonia

A

A Negative Symptom:
- Decreased ability to experience pleasure from positive stimuli or a degradation in the recollection of pleasure previously experienced

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10
Q

Asociality

A

A Negative Symptom:

- Apparent lack of interest in social interactions

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11
Q

Positive Symptoms

A

Excess or distortion of normal functions

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12
Q

Delusions

A

“False” beliefs

Ex. There are ants under my skin

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13
Q

Types of Delusions

A
  • Persecutory
  • Referential
  • Grandiose
  • Nihilistic
  • Somatic
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14
Q

Persecutory

A

Delusional belief that one is going to be harmed

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15
Q

Referential

A

Delusional belief that gestures, comments, environmental cues are directed at them

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16
Q

Grandiose

A

Delusional belief of having exceptional abilities

17
Q

Nihilistic

A

Delusional belief that a catastrophe will occur

18
Q

Somatic

A

Delusional preoccupations with health and organ functions

19
Q

Delusions are Bizarre if…

A
  • They are clearly implausible
  • They are not understandable to same-culture peer
  • They do not derive from ordinary life experiences
20
Q

Examples of Bizarre Delusions

A
  • Thought withdrawal - believes thoughts have been removed from an outside force
  • Thought insertion - believes thoughts have been put into their mind
  • Delusions of control - believes body or actions are manipulated by outside force
21
Q

Hallucinations

A
  • Sensory distortions
  • Perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus

Ex. I can feel red ants under my skin (scratching)

22
Q

What is the most common type of hallucination in schizophrenia spectrum disorders?

A

Auditory Hallucinations

23
Q

Disorganized Thinking

A
  • Typically inferred from speech

- Must be severe enough to impair communication

24
Q

Derailment

A

Type of disorganized thinking:

  • Switching from one topic to another
  • Loose associations
25
Q

Tangential

A

Type of disorganized thinking:

- Answers to questions may be barely related or completely unrelated

26
Q

Incoherence (or “word salad”)

A

Type of disorganized thinking:

  • Speech may be so disorganized it is incomprehensible
  • Rare
27
Q

Disturbances in Behavior

A
  • Explosiveness
  • Pacing
  • Inappropriate social behavior
28
Q

Disorganized or Abnormal Motor Behavior

A
  • Ranges from childlike “silliness” to unpredictable agitation
  • Leading to difficulties in performing activities of daily living
29
Q

Catatonic Behavior

A
  • Marked decrease in reactivity to the environment
30
Q

Catatonic Features include

A
  • Resistance to instructions (negativism)
  • Maintaining rigid, inappropriate or bizarre posture
  • Lack of verbal responses (mutism)
  • Lack of motor responses (stupor)
  • Catatonic excitement - purposeless and excessive motor activity without cause
31
Q

Disturbances in sense of self and others

A
  • Loss of identity: Experiencing self as parts or not human
  • Withdrawal from social connections
  • Unclear boundaries

Assessment & Diagnosis (8 decks)

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