Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Question 1

Fixed beliefs not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence; may be persecutory, referential, grandiose, erotomanic, nihilistic, somatic or bizarre

Answer 1

Delusions

Question 2

Involuntary vivid and clear perception-like experiences that occur without an external stimulus and in the context of clear sensorium

Answer 2

Hallucinations
(most common in people with schizophrenia are auditory hallucinations, those with visual or olfactory hallucinations are most likely to have Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition)

Question 3

Inferred from one’s speech such as in derailment or loose association (switching of topics), tangentiality (unrelated answers), incoherence (word salad)

Answer 3

Disorganized thinking (formal thought disorder)

Question 4

Ranges from childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation

Answer 4

Grossly disorganized or abnormal motor behavior

Question 5

Marked decrease in reactivity to environment

Answer 5

Catatonia

Question 6

Diminished emotional expression, avolition (reduced drive to pursue goal-directed behavior), alogia (diminished speech output), anhedonia (decreased ability to experience pleasure), asociality (apparent lack of interest in social interactions)

Answer 6

Negative Symptoms

Question 7

Pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits, cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior

Answer 7

Schizotypal (Personality) Disorder

Question 8

Presence of at least 1 month of delusion(s) but no other prominent psychotic symptoms

Answer 8

Delusional Disorder

Question 9

At least 1 day but less than 1 month sudden onset of at least one positive psychotic symptom: delusions, hallucinations or disorganized speech; may or may not be accompanied by grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior

Answer 9

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Question 10

Symptomatic presentation equivalent to schizophrenia but less than 6 months duration (more than 1 month) and decline in functioning not required

Answer 10

Schizophreniform Disorder

Question 11

Presence of primary psychotic symptoms for a continuous period of at least 6 months accompanied by marked decline in functioning wherein an active phase occurred for at least 1 month for a significant portion of time (2 or more symptoms)

Answer 11

Schizophrenia

Question 12

Presence of both prominent mood episode (major depressive or manic) and active-phase symptoms preceded or followed by at least 2 weeks of delusions or hallucinations without prominent mood symptoms; decline in functioning not required

Answer 12

Schizoaffective Disorder

Question 13

Delusions and/or hallucinations that developed during or soon after intoxication, withdrawal or exposure to substance/medication which is capable of producing said symptoms

Answer 13

Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder
(Known Substances/Medications: Alcohol; Cannabis; Phencyclidine; Other hallucinogen; Inhalant; Sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic; Amphetamine (or other stimulant); Cocaine)

Question 14

Prominent delusions or hallucinations are direct physiological consequence of another medical condition

Answer 14

Psychotic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Known Medical Conditions: neurological conditions (neoplasms, cerebrovascular disease, Huntington’s, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, auditory or visual nerve injury, deafness, migraine, CNS infections); endocrine conditions (hyper-/hypothyroidism, hyper-hypoadrenocorticism); metabolic conditions (hypoxia, hypercarbia, hypoglycemia); fluid or electrolyte imbalances; hepatic or renal diseases and autoimmune disorders with CNS involvement (lupus)

Question 15

Reduced drive to pursue goal-directed behavior

Answer 15

Avolition

Question 16

Diminished speech output

Answer 16

Alogia

Question 17

Decreased ability to experience pleasure

Answer 17

Anhedonia

Question 18

Apparent lack of interest in social interactions)

Answer 18

Asociality

Question 19

Presence of 3 or more of 12 psychomotor features; essential feature is marked psychomotor disturbance that may involve decreased motor activity, decreased engagement during assessment, or excessive and peculiar motor activity

Answer 19

Catatonic (specifier)

Question 20

Identify the 12 psychomotor features of catatonia

Answer 20

Stupor (no psychomotor activity, not actively relating to environment)
Catalepsy (passive induction of a posture held against gravity)
Waxy flexibility (slight, even resistance to positioning by examiner)
Mutism (no, or very little, verbal response [exclude if known aphasia])
Negativism (opposition or no response to instructions or external stimuli)
Posturing (spontaneous and active maintenance of a posture against gravity)
Mannerism (odd, circumstantial caricature of normal actions)
Stereotypy (repetitive, abnormally frequent, non-goal-directed movements)
Agitation (not influenced by external stimuli)
Grimacing
Echolalia (mimicking another’s speech)
Echopraxia (mimicking another’s movement)

Question 21

Presence of 3 or more catatonic psychomotor features during the course of a neurodevelopmental, psychotic, bipolar, depressive or other mental disorder

Answer 21

Catatonia Associated With Another Mental Disorder (Catatonia Specifier)

Question 22

Presence of 3 or more catatonic psychomotor features that are direct physiological consequence of another medical condition are direct physiological consequence of another medical condition

Answer 22

Catatonic Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition
Known Medical Conditions: neurological conditions (neoplasms, head trauma, cerebrovascular disease, encephalitis) and metabolic conditions (hypercalcemia, hepatic encephalopathy, homocystinuria, diabetic ketoacidosis)

Question 23

Catatonia-like symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment but nature of underling mental disorder or other medical condition is unclear, or full criteria are not met, or insufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis

Answer 23

Unspecified Catatonia

Question 24

Psychotic-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician specifies the reason

Answer 24

Other Specified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder
(e.g. persistent auditory hallucinations, attenuated psychosis syndrome, delusional symptoms in partner of individual with delusional disorder)

Question 25

Psychotic-like symptoms that cause clinically significant distress or impairment but does not meet full criteria and clinician does not choose to communicate the reason, possibly due to insufficient information

Answer 25

Unspecified Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorder