Schizophrenia: One biological treatment Flashcards
What is chlorpromazine (FGA) and how can it treat schizophrenia?
1
- Dopa antagonist, greatly >+symptoms by blocking postsynaptic dopa receptors w/out activating them
What are the most effective first generation antipsychotics (FGA’s)?
1
- Those that bind to D2 receptors (main receptors in schizo)
What is the main side effect of chlorpromazine (FGA) and it’s repercussions?
2
- Tardive dyskinesia
- Poor compliance and relapse
What is the role of clozapine (SGA) and how can it treat schizophrenia?
2
- Blocks dopa same way as FGA’s but acts on sero and glutamate receptors (antagonistic effect)
- > +/- symptoms
What is the main side effect of clozapine and how is this side effect avoided?
2
- Blood condition
- Clients have regular blood tests
What is the role of risperidone (SGA)?
2
- Binds to sero and dopa
- Binds ^strong to dopa receptors than clozapine
What is the drug treatment procedure?
3
- 7 days following psychotic episode, >hostility, return client to normal functioning
- Monitor for changes in symp/side effects
- Symp subside = maintenance dose, encourage socialisation, self care, ^mood, combat relapse
What can disrupt the effectiveness of antipsychotics?
1
- Amphetamines, alcohol, caffeine, nicotine
Evaluate antipsychotics as treatment for schizophrenia
3
Zhao et al. meta analysis compared 18 antipsychotics, data from ctrl trials. Found 17 antipsychotics = sig >relapse than placebos. Avoid costs of hospital treatment
Patel et al. note 20% of schizo’s = negligible improvement after many FGA trials, 45% experience unethical side effects
Turner et al. claim publication bias to studies that show +outcome of antipsychotics. Effective exaggerated. Drug firms = ^interest in continuing success of psychotherapeutic drugs, research funded by them
What are the differences in FGA’s and SGA’s?
2
FGA = Just dopa (acts on), only +, longer action SGA = Dopa, block sero, ^glutamate to regulate dopa, +/- symp, rapidly disassociation
