Classification systems: The DSM Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the DSM?

1

A
  • Class system of symptoms, features, associated risk factors of 300+ mental/behavioural disorders
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2
Q

What does section 1 involve (DSM-5)?

1

A
  • Guidance about using new system
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3
Q

What does section 2 involve and what was added (DSM-5)?

2

A
  • Disorders, categorised based on knowledge of underlying causes/similarities in symp
  • Dimensional assessment (independent measure of lvl, nb, duration of symp)
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4
Q

What does section 3 involve (DSM-5)?

2

A
  • Suggestions for new disorders, needs ^investigation

- Impact of culture on presentation of symptoms, particularly if clinician from diff cultural background

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5
Q

How do you diagnose using the DSM?

3

A
  • Gather info from observation, unstructured interviews
  • Structured interview schedules based on symp lists (Beck Depression Inventory)
  • Diagnostic part = Rule out non-matching disorders
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6
Q

What is Cohen’s kappa and how is it reliable? (Spitzer)

3

A
  • Statistic (decimal)
  • Proportion of people who receive same diagnosis when assessed then re-assessed
  • At later time (test-retest) or diff practitioner (inter rater)
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7
Q

What did Spitzer et al. say was a good agreement?

1

A

0.7

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8
Q

What is descriptive validity?

1

A
  • 2 people w same diagnosis exhibit similar symptoms
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9
Q

What is aetiological validity?

1

A
  • When they share similar causal factors
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10
Q

What is concurrent validity?

2

A
  • Clinician uses 1+ method to reach diagnosis

- Both methods lead to same diagnosis

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11
Q

What is predictive validity?

1

A
  • Accurately predict outcome for individual from diagnosis e.g. prognosis
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12
Q

Evaluate reliability of DSM

1

A

Field trials = ^Lvls of agreement between modern clinicians, ^int reliability. Regier et al. found 3 disorders inc PTSD = 0.60 - 0.79 (kappa score) - very good, 7 more inc schizo = 0.40-0.59 (good)

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13
Q

Evaluate validity of DSM

2

A

Cohen et al. found concurrent validity of conduct disorder via interviewing children/their mothers, observing child’s Anti-SB, questionnaire done by child’s teacher. Risk factors (male, >income) ^common in cases (aetiolog validity). 5yr old w CD = ^likely to show educational problems at 7yrs old (predictive validity)

Criticism from psychiatrists/psycho’s, tells nothing of root causes, only classifies it, >aetiolog validity. Circular arguments: Why is a person hearing voices? As they have schizo. How do we know they have schizo, as they’re hearing voices. Label not cause

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