Schizophrenia: Classifications of Schizophrenia Flashcards
What are the 2 diagnostic manuals for psychological disorders?
Where is each mainly used?
DSM 5 - mostly used in the USA
ICD 11 - European
What is schizophrenia?
a psychotic disorder where sufferers experience a loss of contact with reality
For a diagnosis using the ICD 11 , how long do symptoms need to have been present for?
Give the same for the DSM 5
ICD 11- 1 month
DSM 5 - 6 months
In the general population , what is the prevelance rate for schizophrenia?
At what point is the onset of schizophrenia most common , for males and females
1%
early adult life , slightly later in females
Schizophrenia is an episodic illness , what does this mean?
it means there are periods of psychotic disturbances followed by periods of normal functioning
When getting a diagnosis , what characteristics exclude someone from being given a diagnosis?
there are 3
-if the patient has an organic brain disease(tumour)
-if the patient has a drug/alcohol related intoxication issue
-if the patient meets the criteria for depression
Name the 2 different types of schizophrenia symptom , describe what they mean
positive symptoms-seen as an addition to a persons normal behaviour
negative symptoms-involve losses of normal behaviours/functioning
Name and explain the 2 main positive symptoms of Schizophrenia
AUDITORY/VISUAL HALLUCINATIONS- involves hearing/seeing things that aren’t in reality , they may be related to the environment but some have no relevance to what the senses are picking up from the environment
DELUSIONS- includes paranoia , delusions of grandeur and delusions of the body
Describe what paranoia is
irrational beliefs that can take many forms
Describe what is meant by delusions of grandeur
Describe what is meant by delusions of the body
sufferers believe part of them is under external control
Name and explain the 2 main negative symptoms of schizophrenia
AVOLITION-finding it hard to begin or keep up goal directed activities
-incudes having severely reduced motivation
SPEECH POVERTY-changes in speech patterns , theres a reduction in the quantity and quality of speech
What are the 3 signs of avolition?
Who proposed these signs?
-poor hygiene
-lack of persistence
-lack of energy
Anderson 1982
What is speech dis-organisation?
Does the DSM 5 view this as a negative or positive symptom?
where the sufferers speech is incoherent and they may change topic mid sentence
viewed as a positive symptom
