Schizophrenia AO1 Flashcards
How do you define Sz
a severe mental disorder in which people lose contact with reality
What are positive symptoms of Sz
additional to normal experiences like hallucinations or delusions
What are negative symptoms of Sz
loss of a usual experience like speech poverty or avolition
What are delusions?
beliefs that have no basis in reality
What are hallucinations?
sensory experiences that have no basis in reality or distorted experiences
What is Speech Poverty
reduced frequency and quality of speech
What is Avolition
loss of motivation to carry out tasks
What is Co-Morbidity?
the occurrence of two disorders or conditions together
What is symptom overlap?
when two or more conditions share symptoms
What does Polygenic mean?
a number of different genes are involved
What is Aetiologically Heterogeneous?
A different combinations of factors can lead to the condition
What is hyerdopaminergia?
High level of Dopamine
What is hypodopaminergia?
Low levels of Dopamine
What is Family Disfunction?
Processes within a family such as poor family communication, cold parenting and expressed emotion
What is expressed emotion?
level of emotion expressed towards Sz people by their carers normally family members
What are antipsychotics?
Reduce intensity of symptoms, in particular positive symptoms
What are typical antipsychotics?
First generation, used since 1950s. Dopamine agonists, Chlorpromazine
What are atypical antipsychotics?
Second generation, used since 1980s. Clozapine, Risperidone
What is Chlorpromazine?
Typical antipsychotics, blocks dopamine receptors to the brain, reduces positive symptoms, effective sedative
What is Clozapine?
Acts on Serotonin, Dopamine and Glutamine receptors, improved mood reduces anxiety and depression, Agranulocytosis.
What is Risperidone?
No serious side effects, binds more strongly to Dopamine receptors.
What is CBT?
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, challenging and replacing irrational thoughts.
What is family therapy?
treats family as a system, individual’s unwanted behaviour influenced by family members. `
What are Token Economies?
A behavioural technique, desirable behaviours reinforced with a token to be exchanged for privileges.
What is the Interactionist Approach?
A combination of genetic predispositions and environmental circumstances, drugs and CBT
What is the diathesis-stress model?
A person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress
