Schizophrenia AO1

Question 1

How do you define Sz

Answer 1

a severe mental disorder in which people lose contact with reality

Question 2

What are positive symptoms of Sz

Answer 2

additional to normal experiences like hallucinations or delusions

Question 3

What are negative symptoms of Sz

Answer 3

loss of a usual experience like speech poverty or avolition

Question 4

What are delusions?

Answer 4

beliefs that have no basis in reality

Question 5

What are hallucinations?

Answer 5

sensory experiences that have no basis in reality or distorted experiences

Question 6

What is Speech Poverty

Answer 6

reduced frequency and quality of speech

Question 7

What is Avolition

Answer 7

loss of motivation to carry out tasks

Question 8

What is Co-Morbidity?

Answer 8

the occurrence of two disorders or conditions together

Question 9

What is symptom overlap?

Answer 9

when two or more conditions share symptoms

Question 10

What does Polygenic mean?

Answer 10

a number of different genes are involved

Question 11

What is Aetiologically Heterogeneous?

Answer 11

A different combinations of factors can lead to the condition

Question 12

What is hyerdopaminergia?

Answer 12

High level of Dopamine

Question 13

What is hypodopaminergia?

Answer 13

Low levels of Dopamine

Question 14

What is Family Disfunction?

Answer 14

Processes within a family such as poor family communication, cold parenting and expressed emotion

Question 15

What is expressed emotion?

Answer 15

level of emotion expressed towards Sz people by their carers normally family members

Question 16

What are antipsychotics?

Answer 16

Reduce intensity of symptoms, in particular positive symptoms

Question 17

What are typical antipsychotics?

Answer 17

First generation, used since 1950s. Dopamine agonists, Chlorpromazine

Question 18

What are atypical antipsychotics?

Answer 18

Second generation, used since 1980s. Clozapine, Risperidone

Question 19

What is Chlorpromazine?

Answer 19

Typical antipsychotics, blocks dopamine receptors to the brain, reduces positive symptoms, effective sedative

Question 20

What is Clozapine?

Answer 20

Acts on Serotonin, Dopamine and Glutamine receptors, improved mood reduces anxiety and depression, Agranulocytosis.

Question 21

What is Risperidone?

Answer 21

No serious side effects, binds more strongly to Dopamine receptors.

Question 22

What is CBT?

Answer 22

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, challenging and replacing irrational thoughts.

Question 23

What is family therapy?

Answer 23

treats family as a system, individual’s unwanted behaviour influenced by family members. `

Question 24

What are Token Economies?

Answer 24

A behavioural technique, desirable behaviours reinforced with a token to be exchanged for privileges.

Question 25

What is the Interactionist Approach?

Answer 25

A combination of genetic predispositions and environmental circumstances, drugs and CBT

Question 26

What is the diathesis-stress model?

Answer 26

A person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress