Schizophrenia and treatment Flashcards
define dementia praecox.
krapelin - meaning senility of the young.
according to krapelin, sufferers exhibited…
- intellectual impairment
- problems of attention and memory
- hallucinations and delusions
who coined the term ‘schizophrenia’?
Bleaular
outline the DSM-5 diagnosis for schizophrenia.
2 or more... - delusions - hallucinations - disorganised speech - grossly disorganised - negative symptoms Deterioration of work, relationships or self-care. At least 6 months.
name disorders associated with distressing voices.
- schz 70%
- bipolar
- PTSD
- DID
- BPD
name the prevalence of schz
- population 1:100
- one parent with schz 10:100
- both parents 45:100
- only 11% have one or more parent with schz, 37% of cases have no relative with schizophrenia
- onset earlier for men (20-24 years) than females (25-29 years).
state ‘further treatments’ of schizophrenia in the past.
- long bath
- sedation
- insulin coma to produce seizure
- ECT
medication
state the five myths of schizophrenia.
- delusions and voices are meaningless symptoms of schz
- if you hear voices or hold delusional beliefs you have schizophrenia
- schz makes people violent
- medication is the solution
- people don’t recover from schz.
give evidence that delusions are meaningful.
- reflective themes
- protective of low self-esteem
- maintained by normal babies in information processing
give evidence that voices are meaningful.
- common for trauma cases
- reflective of opinion about selves
- similar to interpersonal encounters in the ‘real world’.
give evidence against the myth that ‘if you hear voices, you have schz’
- 71% of people without diagnosis heard someone call name, 30% whilst falling asleep, 5% conversation with the dead.
what percentage of the population experience hallucinations?
11%.
does schizophrenia lead to violence?
- majority do not engage in violence, more likely to be the victim.
- diagnosis is associated, however, with risk of criminality and violence.
- exacerbated by substance misuse.
give evidence that medication is not the solution.
up to 74% of patients discontinue medication over 18 months due to distressing side effects.
one alternative to medication os CBT, what does CBT involve?
- listening, curiosity, making sense
- playing detective and working with evidence
- assessing self-esteem
- choice between medication and therapy.
give possible solutions to the challenges of psychological services.
- therapy that requires less resources (less than 16 sessions, group approaches).
- simpler therapies targeting a specific problem that maintains psychotic experiences e.g. paranoid delusions, distressing voices.
name problems to psychological therpay.
- not enough expert therapists (use APs!)
- long-term process
true or false: people do not recover from schz.
false - up to 70% improvement in some cases.
schz is the result of a complex interaction between thousands of genes and multiple env factors, state common causes in combination.
- genetic predisposition
- child neglect
- dysfunctional families
- bullying
- heavy, cannabis use
give the four explanations of schz.
- psychological
- psychiatric
- social
- political
give the two types of beliefs involved in schizophrenia.
- personal and cultural
what is the concordance rate for individuals with one parent with schizophrenia?
9.35%.
name the model the combines genetic and env factors.
stress-vulnerability (diathesis) model.
criticise twin studies.
- Mz twins are always the sane sex, unlike Dz twins
- Mz are usually physically identical so likely to be treated more alike.
- Mz twins more likely to have shared placenta
