Schizophrenia

Question 1

definition of schizophrenia

Answer 1

logterm mental health problem which affects thinking, perception and affect

Question 2

A/I of schizophrenia

Answer 2

genetic - twin and family studies show increased risk
environmental - urban living, migration, stress and traumatic life events, cannabis use, perinatal complications, intrauterine infection
personality - schizotypal personality can develop into sci`ophrenia

1 in a 100 people
men and women equally
age of onset slightly early in men (18-25) than women (25-30)

Question 3

sy of schizophrenia split into what? 2-

Answer 3

postive and negative symptoms

Question 4

positive symptoms are -

Answer 4

represent an change in behaviour or thoughts

Question 5

negative symptoms are

Answer 5

involve a decline in normal functioning

Question 6

P of schizophrenia

Answer 6

neurodevelopment hyposthesis

neurotransmitter hypothesis
e.g. dopamine - excess

Question 7

postive symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 7

thought echo
thought insertion or withdrawal
thought broadcasting
3rd person auditory hallucinations
delusional perception
passive and somatic passivity 

odd behaviour
thought disorder
lack of insight

Question 8

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Answer 8

blunted affect 
apathy 
social isolation
poverty of speech
poor self-care

Question 9

Ix to rule out other causes for confusion:

Answer 9

MSU to rule out UTI causing delirium
urine drug screen
CT scan if organic neurological case suspected
full physical exam

Question 10

Rx schizophrenia
antipsychotic medication- dopamine receptor antagonists
can be divided into

Answer 10

typical - older

a-typical

Question 11

side effects of typical

Answer 11

loadssss
extrapyramidal side effects:
Parkinsonism 
akathisisa
dystonina 
dyskinesia

Question 12

atypical antispcyhotics side effects -

Answer 12

all of the them apart from the extrapyramidal ones and raised prolactin level

Question 13

some atypical antipsychotics

Answer 13

olanzapine
risperidone
clozapine - for resistant ones

Question 14

Psychological treatment for Schizophrenia

Answer 14

CBT

family therapy

Question 15

side effects of antipsychotics

Answer 15

Extrapyramidal side effects (EPSEs):

Hyperprolactinaemia leading to:

Metabolic side effects:

Anticholinergic side effects:

Neurological side effects:

Question 16

side effects of antipsychotics

Answer 16

Extrapyramidal side effects (EPSEs):

Parkinsonism
Akathisia
Dystonia
Dyskinesia

Hyperprolactinaemia leading to:

Sexual dysfunction
An increased risk of osteoporosis
Amenorrhoea in women
Galactorrhoea, gynaecomastia and hypogonadism in men

Metabolic side effects:

Weight gain
Increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes
Hyperlipidaemia
Increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome

Anticholinergic side effects:

Tachycardia
Blurred vision
Dry mouth
Constipation
Urinary retention

Neurological side effects:

Seizures
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (potentially life-threatening)