Schizophrenia

Question 1

prevelence of schitzo, age of onset, gender difference, comorbity, cost

Answer 1

<1%
late teens to mid 30s
men get it earlier, women have later onset
substance abuse problems, personality disorders
costs are very high w hospitilization

Question 2

3 active phase symptoms of schitzo

Answer 2

positive- displays of abnormal behaviour, delusions
disorganized- affect speech and behaviour
negative- (deficits) in speech, motivation

Question 3

symptoms of schitzo

Answer 3

delusions

• -persecution (hes out to get me)
• -gandiose
• -ideas of reference (taking personal sig to enviroment)

Hallucinations

Question 4

what area of the brain is more active with auditory hallucinations

Answer 4

Brocas area

Question 5

how is speech affected with schitzo

Answer 5

-disorganized
loose association- switching from topic to topic
tangentiality- may ask q and get unrelated answer
incoherent- very hard to understand what person is sayin

Question 6

how is behaviour affected w schitzo

Answer 6

lack of goal directed behaviour

catatonic symptoms

Question 7

Negative symptoms of schitzo

Answer 7

flat affect- person does not show emotion
avolition- no initiative, no energy, lack of interest
alogia- vacent speech (y/n answers)
anhedonia- no pleasure
asociality- few friends

Question 8

other symptoms of schitzo

Answer 8

inapropriate affect
low mood
switch sleep wake cycles
impairments w memory, slower processing speed

Question 9

what do u need to be diagnosed w schitzo

Answer 9

at least one of:
delusions
hallucinations
disorganized speech
plus
grossly disorganized
negative symptoms
social/occupational dysfunction

Question 10

where the subtypes removed in dsm 5

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

catatonia specifiers

Answer 11

Motoric immobility- adopting strange position
waxy flexibility- another person putting u in a weird pos
decreased engagement w others
excessive motor activity
echolalia- repatition of words
echopraxia- repatition of movements

Question 12

further classification of schitzo

Answer 12

isidious vs acute
poor vs good premorbid
type 1: positive symptoms
type 2: negative symptoms

Question 13

dopamine hypothesis

Answer 13

excess dopamine (D2 receptors)

Question 14

evidence of dopamine hypothesis

Answer 14

1. antagonists (neuroleptics) work
2. Negative side effects of neuroleptics are similar to parkinsons
3. amphetamines

Question 15

evidence that its not the dopamine hypothesis

Answer 15

• dopamine antagonists dont always work
• dopamine blocked right away, but can take time for therapeutic effect
• dopamine antagonists work better on positive symptoms

Question 16

Brain structure with schitzo

Answer 16

• ventricle enlargement

- hypofrontality of prefrontal cortex

Question 17

social class and schitzo (sociogenic and social selection hypothesis)

Answer 17

higher rates among lower class
sociogenic (more stress--> schitzo)
social selection ( schitzo--> lower class)

Question 18

early forms of treatment for schitzo

Answer 18

• insulin coma therapy
• profrontal lobotomy
• ECT

Question 19

Treatment: antipsychotic drugs (2 types and side effects)

Answer 19

conventional
-mostly target positive symptoms
side effects (tardive dyskinesia, akinesia, complience)

Atypical
less side effects

Question 20

some psychosocial interventions

Answer 20

-social skills training
-psychoeducation/ family therapy
phychotherapy

Question 21

schizophreniform disorder

Answer 21

same symptoms as schitzo but less than 6months

Question 22

Brief psychotic disorder

Answer 22

one of (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech)
for 1 day to one month

Question 23

schitzoaffective disorder

Answer 23

mood symptoms + psychotic symptoms

Question 24

delusional disorder

Answer 24

nonbizare delusions

Question 25

shared psychotic disorder

Answer 25

delusion in a person who is close to someone w a psychotic disorder