Schizophrenia Flashcards
what is schizophrenia?
breakdown is the relation between thought, emotion and behaviour that leads to a faulty perception of reality
what are examples of positive symptoms
delusions
hallucinations
disorganized thinking/speech/behaviour
what are examples of negative symptoms?
flat affect
anhedonia
avolition
what is the diagnostic criteria ?
2 or more
- delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized behaviour, catatonic behaviour, or neg symp
- for signifcant portion of 1 month
1 or more
- major social or occupational reduction in functioning (such as work, interpersonal relations, self care_
- persisting for 6 mth
absence of major depressive or manic episode occuring at the sam time with active symptoms
what is the onset?
late adolescence
who is more likely to get it?
“lowest social classes” and homelessness (cause or effect?)
similar across cultures
females
what are some risk factors? comorbidities?
perinantal stress
parental age
family history and genetics
50% have a comorbid medical condition
substance abuse
inc risk in diabetes
distorted water balance
which gender is usually dx earlier?
men. E might be a protective factor
what are the phases?
prodromal
acute
recovery
what occurs in the prodromal phase?
vague early symptoms. may alter in way pt describes feelings, thoughts and perceptons
what occurs in the acute phase?
psychotic simp like delusions, half or confused thinking
positive symptoms. time to intervene !!
what occurs in the recovery phase?
psychosis is treatable
most recover
teaching, hope, lifestyle, management
what is first break treatment?
- Antipsychotic medications (1-2 wks to take effect)
- Vigilant care (esp. until med effective)
- Safety - Suicide assessment
- Restore sleep
- Reduce substance use
- Interdisciplinary
- Psychosocial interventions
- Education and support for client & family
what is the early intervention programs?
how long after the onset?
3-5 year
reduce duration of untreated psychosis (DUP)
intervene appropriately at early stage of illness
prvent subsequent relapse and minimize disability
treatment?
symp relief w medication decreasing risk w safety measure family acceptance of client disease focus to stabilize symptoms understand/manage medication side effects
what occurs in the stabilization period?
start to stabilize the symptoms
family adjust to mental illness
socialization and rehabilitation begin
intense tx at this stage
what occurs in the maintenance and recovery period
after stable the focus is regaining fx and improving QOL
faithful med mgmt
family support and involvement
minimize stresses
Why do relapses occur?
what happen after?
non adherence with meds
vulnerable to stressors, lack of community resources
for each relapse, rehab time is prolonged and recovery takes longer
med and psychosocial support needed
what are some target symptoms and associated findings?
inappropriate affect, l/o interest or pleasure, dysphoric mood (anger, anxiety, depression), disturbed sleep pattern)
also lack of interest in eating, diff concentrating, some cog dysfx, (confusion, disorientation and memory impairment), lack of insight, depersonalization, derealsation, somatic concerns, motor abn
what are some px findings?
physically awkward, poor coordination or mirroring, motor abn, cigarette related pathologies (pulm, cardiac)
what is grandiose?
belief that one has exceptional wealth, skill, influence, destiny, power
what is nihilistic?
belief that ones dead or calamity is impeding?
what is persecutory?
belief that ones being watched, ridiculed, harmed, plotted against
what is somatic?
beliefs about abn in bodily or fx
