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nursing 233 > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

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1
Q

what is schizophrenia?

A

breakdown is the relation between thought, emotion and behaviour that leads to a faulty perception of reality

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2
Q

what are examples of positive symptoms

A

delusions
hallucinations
disorganized thinking/speech/behaviour

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3
Q

what are examples of negative symptoms?

A

flat affect
anhedonia
avolition

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4
Q

what is the diagnostic criteria ?

A

2 or more

  • delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized behaviour, catatonic behaviour, or neg symp
  • for signifcant portion of 1 month

1 or more

  • major social or occupational reduction in functioning (such as work, interpersonal relations, self care_
  • persisting for 6 mth

absence of major depressive or manic episode occuring at the sam time with active symptoms

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5
Q

what is the onset?

A

late adolescence

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6
Q

who is more likely to get it?

A

“lowest social classes” and homelessness (cause or effect?)

similar across cultures

females

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7
Q

what are some risk factors? comorbidities?

A

perinantal stress
parental age
family history and genetics

50% have a comorbid medical condition
substance abuse
inc risk in diabetes
distorted water balance

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8
Q

which gender is usually dx earlier?

A

men. E might be a protective factor

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9
Q

what are the phases?

A

prodromal
acute
recovery

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10
Q

what occurs in the prodromal phase?

A

vague early symptoms. may alter in way pt describes feelings, thoughts and perceptons

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11
Q

what occurs in the acute phase?

A

psychotic simp like delusions, half or confused thinking

positive symptoms. time to intervene !!

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12
Q

what occurs in the recovery phase?

A

psychosis is treatable
most recover

teaching, hope, lifestyle, management

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13
Q

what is first break treatment?

A
  • Antipsychotic medications (1-2 wks to take effect)
  • Vigilant care (esp. until med effective)
  • Safety - Suicide assessment
  • Restore sleep
  • Reduce substance use
  • Interdisciplinary
  • Psychosocial interventions
  • Education and support for client & family
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14
Q

what is the early intervention programs?

how long after the onset?

A

3-5 year

reduce duration of untreated psychosis (DUP)
intervene appropriately at early stage of illness
prvent subsequent relapse and minimize disability

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15
Q

treatment?

A 
symp relief w medication
decreasing risk w safety measure
family acceptance of client disease
focus to stabilize symptoms
understand/manage medication side effects
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16
Q

what occurs in the stabilization period?

A

start to stabilize the symptoms
family adjust to mental illness
socialization and rehabilitation begin
intense tx at this stage

17
Q

what occurs in the maintenance and recovery period

A

after stable the focus is regaining fx and improving QOL
faithful med mgmt
family support and involvement
minimize stresses

18
Q

Why do relapses occur?

what happen after?

A

non adherence with meds
vulnerable to stressors, lack of community resources
for each relapse, rehab time is prolonged and recovery takes longer
med and psychosocial support needed

19
Q

what are some target symptoms and associated findings?

A

inappropriate affect, l/o interest or pleasure, dysphoric mood (anger, anxiety, depression), disturbed sleep pattern)

also lack of interest in eating, diff concentrating, some cog dysfx, (confusion, disorientation and memory impairment), lack of insight, depersonalization, derealsation, somatic concerns, motor abn

20
Q

what are some px findings?

A

physically awkward, poor coordination or mirroring, motor abn, cigarette related pathologies (pulm, cardiac)

21
Q

what is grandiose?

A

belief that one has exceptional wealth, skill, influence, destiny, power

22
Q

what is nihilistic?

A

belief that ones dead or calamity is impeding?

23
Q

what is persecutory?

A

belief that ones being watched, ridiculed, harmed, plotted against

24
Q

what is somatic?

A

beliefs about abn in bodily or fx

25
Q

what are hallucinations

A

are perceptual experiences that can occur without external sensory stimuli. usually auditory or visual

26
Q

what is the difference between pos and neg symp?

A

positive symptoms are symptoms that shouldn’t exist and negative symptoms are dec or l/o normal function

27
Q

what is ambivalence?

A

concurrent experience of equally strong opposiing feelings making decisions impossible

28
Q

what is avolition?

A

withdrawal and inability to initiate and persist in goal directed activity. unmotivation and reduced fluency and productivity of thought and speech

29
Q

what is alogia?

A

makes carrying conversations challenging for them

30
Q

what is anhedonia?

A

inability to experience pleasure

31
Q

how does disorganized behaviour present?

A

aggression
agitation
slow rhythmic movement, coupled with disorganized speech

32
Q

what is catatonic excitement?

A

hyperactivity char by purposeless activities and abnormal movements like grimacing and posturing

33
Q

what is echopraxia?

A

involuntary imitation of another persons movements and gestures

34
Q

what is stereotypy?

A

reptitive, purposeless movements that are idiosyncratic to individuals and to some degree outside of indie control

35
Q

what is waxy flexibility?

A

posture held in odd or unusual fixed position for extended period

36
Q

what drug is often assoc w inc risk?

A

cannabis

37
Q

why is disordered water balance a risk?

A

o more common with early onset schiz
o often takes form o water intoxication char by abn high water intake, followed by rapid drop in serum sodium levels (which leads to neuro signs and can lead to ataxia, coma, death)
o cause unknown but pts compulsively drink. Can be up to 10L day…may drink from toilet etc..
o sodium can fal below 120mEq/L (acute hypotnatremia)→risk of seizures etc as above

nursing 233 (4 decks)

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