resp/metb acidosis/alkalosis S&S Flashcards
metabolic acidosis S& S
o Headache o Confusion o Drowsiness o Inc resp rate and depth o N and V o Dec BP o Cold and clammy skin o Dysrhythmias o shock when pH
what is compensatory to dec CO2?
hyperventilation
what is inc in metb alkalosis?
base bicarbonate
what is the most common cause of metb alkalosis
vomiting or gastric suction w loss of H and Cl ions
what are the two ways hypokalemia causes alkalosis?
kidneys conserve potassium and H excretion inc
cellular potassium moves of the cells into ECF to try to maintain the serum levels (as K moves out of the cell H enters to maintain electroneutrality)
manifestations of metabolic alkalosis?
symptoms r/t calcium ionization (hypocalcemia) tinging of fingers and toes, dizziness, hypertonic muscles
dec rr to compensate - may result in hypoxemia
atrial tachy possible
medical management of ,metabolic alkalosis?
give pt sufficient chloride so kidneys can absorb sodium w cl (allowing excretion of bicarb)
may give K
what is the cause of respiratory acidosis?
d/t inadequate excretion of Co2 with inadequate ventilation
hypoventilation usually
can occur w emergency situations acute pull deem aspiration of a foreign objection atelectasis pneumonthorax sleep apnea admin of o2 to pt with chronic hypercapnia ARDS pneumonia
manifestations of respiratory acidosis?
inc pulse, RR, BP, feeling of fullness in head, mental cloudiness
cerebral vasodilation and inc flow
ICP may be increased
hyperkalemia (d/t excess H switching in the cell and K out)
medical management of respiratory acidosis
improve ventilation adequate hydration o2 mechnica ventilation semi fowlers
what might happen if PaCo2 is chronically >50
resp centre becomes relatively insensitive to Co2 and hypoxemia becomes a stimulant for breathing
o2 may remove the stimuli and Co narcosis occurs
what is respiratory alkalosis caused by?
hyperventilation
extreme anxiety
hypoxemia
gram negative bacteremia
what are manifestations of resp alkalosis
lightheadedness d/t vasoconstriction and dec cerebral flow
inability to concentrate
numbness and tinging from dec calcium ionization
tinnitus
l/o consciousness
tacky and ventricular or atrial dysrthymia
SOB, chest tightness and blurred vision
what diagnostics would you find for resp alkalosis
dec calcium
dec phophate d/t alklaosis
medical management of resp alkalosis?
calm pt down
