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303 midterm > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

what does atypical antipsychotics act on

A
  • serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine neurotransmitters
  • lower risk of extrapyramidal side effects and tardive dyskinesia
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2
Q

where do typical antipsychotics act

A
  • dopamine system
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3
Q

where do auditory hallucinations occur

A
  • wernickes area
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4
Q

when is the onset of schizophrenia

A

late adolescence or early adulthood

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5
Q

what is the suicide risk percentage

A

10%

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6
Q

what is the dopamine hypothesis

A
  • hyperactice transmission in mesolimbic pathways
  • hypoactive transmission in prefrontal cortex
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7
Q

what is schizophrenia

A

spectrum of conditions that involve psychosis

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8
Q

what is high levels of dopamine in the brain related to

A

positive symptoms

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9
Q

what generation is typical antipsychotic meds

A

first generation

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10
Q

what generation are atypical antipsychotic medications

A

second

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11
Q

what do drugs do for schizophrenia

A

reduce dopamine activity

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12
Q

what causes parkinsonism

A
  • low levels of dopamine in the brain due to antipsychotic medictaions
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13
Q

what causes NMS and what treats it

A
  • dopmaine antagonist (antiphyschotics)
  • bromocriptine
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14
Q

typical is helpful for:

A
  • positve symtpoms
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15
Q

treatment for dystonia, parkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia

A
  • anticholinergic agents
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16
Q

treatment for akathisia

A
  • beta blockers or benzodiazepines
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17
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A
  • sucking and smacking movements of lips
  • chewing motion
  • involuntary muscles used
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18
Q

structural brain differecnes in schizophrenia

A
  • reduced brain volume
  • reduced grey and white matter
  • enlarged lateral and thrid ventricles
  • increased CSF
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19
Q

somatic

A
  • something is wrong with physical body (dont have own head)
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20
Q

serotinin syndrome onset

A
  • 24 hours
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21
Q

serotinin syndrome cause and symptoms

A
  • serotonin agonist
  • hyperreactivity (tremours, reflexes)
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22
Q

SE of antipsychotics (6)

A
  • orthostaic hypotension
  • sedation
  • anticholingergic side effects
  • weight gain
  • blood disorders (clozapine)
  • movement disorders
23
Q

safety concerns

A
  • stabilizing actue phase
  • suicide risk
  • isolation
24
Q

referential (delusions)

A
  • think everything happening around you is about you (people talking)
25
Q

psychosocial treatments

A
  • increwasing social skills
  • enchancing insight
  • imporve problem solving
  • independence and QOL
26
Q

psychosis

A
  • disconnection from reality
  • can happen with other mental healt disorders or drug induced
27
Q

Psychophramacology antipsychotics MOA

A
  • block dopamine receptors (D2) in brain
28
Q

prodrome

A
  • time bewteen onset and treatment
  • vague early signs
  • not noticable
29
Q

positive symptoms

A
  • reflect an excess or distorition of normal function
30
Q

phases of schizophrenia

A
  • prodrome
  • acute
  • recovery
31
Q

persecutory

A
  • being watched, plotted against, fearful of others, paranoid
32
Q

Nursing assesment

A
  • delusions
  • hallucinations
  • disorganized speech
  • personal hygeine
  • negative symptoms
  • level of fucntioning
33
Q

neuropleptic malignant syndrome diagnostics

A
  • hyperthermia
  • exposure in 72 hours
  • onset usually 10 days
  • mental staus alteration
  • BP irregularities
34
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) onset and symptoms

A
  • days-weeks
  • bradyreflexia, severe muscular rigidity
35
Q

negative sympotms charatersitics

A
  • blunted affect, alogia, avolition, anhedonia
36
Q

Negative sympotms

A
  • reduced affective expresion
  • reduced social intercations
  • blunted mood
37
Q

how does schizophrenia affect a person?

A

affects how you think, feel, and behave

38
Q

how do you treat serotonin syndrome

A
  • benzodiazepine, cyproheptadine
  • resolves in 24 hours
39
Q

How do indivudals experience schizophrenia

A

each symptom is different in everyone.
each episode in someone is different

40
Q

hallucinations

A
  • perception experiences that occur without external stimuli
  • auditory is most common
41
Q

grandiose (delusion)

A
  • has powers, influence, great importance
42
Q

glutamine abnormalities may explain:

A

negative symptoms

43
Q

genetic risk for schizophrenia

A
  • close family has it
  • genes
44
Q

examples of positiove symptoms

A
  • hallucinations
  • delusions
  • disorganized speech
  • bizare behvaior
45
Q

environmental risk for schizophrenia

A
  • child birth complications
  • inflammation or increased autoimmune system activation
  • cannabis use during adolescence
  • stress
46
Q

DSM-5 criteria for schizophrenia

A

must have 2 or more symptoms for 1 month and impairs daily functioning

47
Q

delusions

A
  • fixed beliefs that dont change
  • persicutory, somatic, religous, grandiose
48
Q

caring for acute phases

A
  • establish relationship
  • promote trust
  • dont agree or disagree wiht delusions or hallucinations
  • adminster medications
49
Q

atypical antipshychotics are helpful for

A
  • positve and negative symptoms as it acts on more neurotransmitters
50
Q

antipsychotic induced movement disorders

A
  • psuedoparkinsonism
  • acute dystonia
  • akathisia
  • Tardive dyskonesia
51
Q

anhednoia

A
  • lack of interest in lifes daily activities
52
Q

akathisia

A
  • restless
  • constant movement
53
Q

acute phase

A
  • clear psychotic symptoms
  • hallucinations, dleusion, confused thinking
54
Q

acute dystonia

A
  • facial grimacing
  • involuntary eye movements (upward)
  • muscle spasms
  • laryngeal spasm

303 midterm (3 decks)

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