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schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

schizophrenia

A

psychotic thinking/ behavior present for ~6 months
begins to affect their life in every aspect

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2
Q

typical age of diagnosis of schizophrenia is…

A

late teens to early 20s

has occured in young children and later adulthood

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2
Q

schizotypal personality disorder

A

impairments of personality functioning (self or interpersonal)

condition is not as severe as schizophrenia

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3
Q

delusional disorder

A

has delusional thinking for ~1 month

self/interpersonal functioning is not as impaired

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4
Q

brief psychotic disorder

A

has psychotic manifestations that may last 1 day to 1 month

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5
Q

schizophreniform disorder

A

has s/s similar to schizophrenia but may only last for 1-6 months

social/occupational dysfunction may not be as obvious

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6
Q

schizoaffective disorder

A

pt meets diagnositics for both schizophrenia and/or depression/bipolar disorder

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7
Q

substance-induced psychotic disorder

A

pt has psychosis due to substance intoxication/withdrawl

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8
Q

psychotic/catatonic disorder otherwise not specified

A

pt has psychotic features (impaired reality testing) or bizarre behavior (catatonic) or a significant change in motor activity behavior (catatonic) but doesn’t meet criteria for diagnosis w/another specific psychotic disorder

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9
Q

positive symptoms

A

manifestation of things that are not normally present
* hallucinations
* delusions
* alterations in speech
* bizarre behavior (walking backward constantly)

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10
Q

negative symptoms

A

absence of things that are normally present
(more difficult to treat than positive symptoms)
* blunted/flat affect
* alogia: poverty of thought or speech
* anergia: lack of energy
* anhedonia: lack of pleasure or joy in life
* avolition: lack of motivation in activites & hygiene

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11
Q

other common symptoms found in schizophrenia

A

cognitive s/s:
* disordered thinking
* inability to make decisions
* poor problem-solving skills
* difficulty concentrating to perform tasks
* impaired abstract thinking
* short term memory deficits

affective s/s:
* hopelessness
* suicidial ideation
* unstable or rapidly changing mood

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12
Q

alterations in thought

delusions

A

false fixed beliefs that can’t be corrected by reasoning & usually bizarre

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13
Q

ideas of reference

A

misconstrues trivial events and attaches personal significance to them

pt walking by a group of people who are talking about food, are gossiping about the pt

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14
Q

persecution

A

feels singled out for harm by others

FBI hunting pt down

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15
Q

grandeur

A

believes that they’re all powerful & important

thinks they’re a god

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16
Q

somatic delusions

A

believes that their body is changing in an unusual way

thinks they’re growing a third arm

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17
Q

jealousy

A

belives that their partner is sexually involved w/another individual even though there is not any factual basis for this belief

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18
Q

being controlled

A

believes that a force outside their body is controlling them

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19
Q

thought broadcasting

A

believes that their thoughts are heard by others

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20
Q

thought insertion

A

believes that others’ thoughts are being inserted into their mind

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21
Q

thought withdrawl

A

believes that their thoughts have been removed from their mind by an outside agency

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22
Q

religiosity

A

obsession with religion

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23
Q

magical thinking

A

believes that their actions or thoughts are able to control a situation or affect others

thinks wearing a certain hat makes them invisible to others

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24
associative looseness
unconscious inability to concentrate on a single thought can progress to flight of ideas (pt's ideas move so rapidly that their speech is incoherent)
25
neologisms
made up words that only pt understands ## Footnote "i tranged and flitted"
26
echolalia
pt repeats the words spoken to them
27
clang association
meaningless rhyming of words ## Footnote "oh fox, box, and lox"
28
word salad
words jumbled together w/ little meaning to listener ## Footnote "hip hip hooray, the flip is cast and wide sprinting in the forest"
28
alterations in perception
hallucinations are sensory perceptions that don't have any external stimulus
29
auditory hallucination
hearing voices or sounds
30
command hallucinations
voice instructs pt to perform an action (usually to hurt themselves or others)
31
visual hallucinations
seeing persons or things
32
olfactory hallucinations
smelling odors
33
gustatory hallucinations
experiencing tastes
34
tactile hallucinations
feeling bodily sensations
35
depersonalization
nonspecific feeling that pt has lost their identity; self is different or unreal
36
derealization
perception that environment has changed ## Footnote thinks objects around them are shrinking
37
38
illusions
misinterpretations or misperceptions of a real experience
39
stereotyped behaviors
motor patterns that had meaning to pt but now is mechanical and lacks purpose ## Footnote ex: sweeping the floor
40
automatic obedience
responding in a robot-like manner
41
wavy flexibility
maintaining a specific position for a long time
42
stupor
motionless for long periods of time; coma-like
43
negativism
doing the opposite of what is requested of them
44
echopraxia
purposeful imitation of movements made by others
45
catatonia
pronounced decrease or increase in amt of movement muscle rigidity or catalepsy may be so severe that the limbs stay in the position they're in
46
motor retardation
pronounced slowing of movement
47
impaired impulse control
reduced ability to resist impulses
48
gesturing or posturing
assuming unusual & illogical expressions
49
boundary impairment
impaired ability to see where one person's body ends and another's begins
50
AIMS scale | Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale
monitors involuntary movements esp tardive dyskinesia for pts on antipsychotics
51
when a pt is experiencing hallucinations, what should the nurse ask the pt?
ask the pt directly about the hallucinations but *avoid arguing or agreeing with their views* ## Footnote "I don't hear anything, but you seem to be feeling frightened"
52
what hallucinations puts the pt at higher risk of harm to self or others?
command hallucinations
53
which hallucinations may increase risk of violence against others
paranoid delusions
54
1st generation/conventional antipsychotics
used to mainly treat positive psychotic symptoms * haloperidol * loxapine * chlorpromazine * fluphenazine **nursing actions:** monitor for extrapyramidal effects (EPS) esp dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions), akathisia (inability to remain still), pseudoparkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia **client education:** chew sugarless gum, eat foods high in fiber, drink 2-3 L of fluid, monitor for postural hypotension and orthostatic hypotension
55
2nd generation/ atypical antipsychotics
first line of choice for med t/x treats both positive & negative symptoms * risperidone * olanzapine * quetiapine * ziprasidone * clozapine **pt education**: manage weight gain by following low calorie diet and exercise; pt needs to report signs of agitation, dizziness, sedation, and sleep distruption *monitor blood tests for agranulocytosis*
56
3rd generation antipsychotics
used to treat both positive & negative symptoms; improves cognitive function * aripiprazole **nursing actions:** decreased risk of EPSs or tardive dyskinesia; lower risk of weight gain & anticholinergic effects
57
antidepressants
can be used to treat depression w/psychotic disorder * paroxetine **nursing action:** monitor for suicidal ideation esp when first taking it & notify HCP of deepened depression **PT NEEDS TO KNOW NOT TO STOP MED ABRUPTLY**
58
mood stabilizing agents & benzodiazepines
used to treat anxiety and some of the pos/neg symptoms * valproate * lamotrigine * lorazepam **nursing action:** use w/ caution in elderly pts **client education:** educate pt about sedative effects; abstinence of alcohol & other substances; keep log of feelings/changes in behavior to help med efficacy; emphasize group, family, & individual psychoeducation
59
when is the most common time a person seeks initial t/x for schizophrenia
during the active phase
60
when pt is having delusions...
use distracting techniques
61
alogia
tendency to speak little or to convey little substance of meaning (poverty of content) ## Footnote negative symptom
62
ambivalence
holding seemingly contradictory beliefs or feelings about the same person, event, or situation ## Footnote positive symptom
63
inattention
inability to concentrate or focus on a topic or activity, regardless of its importance ## Footnote negative symptom
64
perseveration
persistent adherence to a single idea or topic; verbal repetition of sentence, word, phrase ## Footnote positive symptom
65
ideas of reference
positive symptom
66
echopraxia
imitation of movements & gestures of another person whom the client is observing ## Footnote positive symptom
67
asociality
social withdrawl, few or no relationships, lack of closeness ## Footnote negative symptom
68
delusions
fixed, false beliefs that have no basis in reality ## Footnote positive symptom
69
bizarre behavior
outlandish appearance/clothing; repetitive/stereotyped, purposeless movements, unusual social behavior ## Footnote positive symptom
70
flat affect
abscence of any facial expression that would indicate emotions or mood ## Footnote negative symptom
71
avolition or lack of volition
absence of will, ambition, drive to take action or accomplish tasks ## Footnote negative symptom
72
associative looseness
fragmented or poorly related thoughts and ideas ## Footnote positive symptom
73
anhedonia
feeling no joy or pleasure from life or any activities or relationships ## Footnote negative symptom
74
flight of ideas
continuous flow of verbalization in which person jumps rapidly from one topic to another ## Footnote positive symptom
75
hallucinations
false sensory perceptions or perceptual experiences that do not exist in reality ## Footnote positive symptom
76
apathy
feelings of indifference toward people, activities, and events ## Footnote negative symptom
77
blunted affect
restricted range of emotional feeling, tone, or mood ## Footnote negative symptom
78
verbigeration
stereotyped repetition of words or phrases that may or may not have meaning to listener
79
stilted language
use of words or phrases that are flowery, excessive, and pompous
80
perseveration
persistent adherence to a single idea or topic and verbal repetition of a sentence
81
nihilistic
organ or body part are not functioning, are rotting, or is disfigured
82
somatic
vague and unrealistic beliefs about health or bodily functions
83
sexual delusion
client's belief that sexual behavior is known to others; is rapist; prostitute; pedophile; is pregnant
84
referential delusion
client's belief that TV broadcasts, music, or newspaper articles have special meaning to him/her
85
religious delusion
center around second coming of a significant religious figure or prophet
86
persecutory delusion
client's belief that others are planning to harm him/her; spying, following, ridiculing, belittling

mental health finals (10 decks)

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