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NURS 312 > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of schizophrenia?

A

A severe and chronic mental disorder characterized by disturbances in perceptions, thought, and behaviour

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2
Q

What is the definition of schizoaffective disorder?

A

A complex and persistent psychiatric disorder with varying degrees of symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders

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3
Q

What are the different stages of schizophrenia?

A

Acute Illness
Stabilization
Maintenance and recovery
Relapse

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4
Q

Acute Illness stage

A

Sleep disruption
Pacing
Talking to self
Responding to external/internal stimuli
Social withdrawal
Poverty of speech

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5
Q

Stabilization stage

A

Initiation and mitigation of side effects of medication
Baseline of target symptoms
Assess for substance use

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6
Q

Maintenance and recover stage

A

Adherence to medication regime or routine
Family and patient education
Looking at learning new skills so that people can cope better in the future

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7
Q

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Delusions (Grandiose, nihilistic, persecutory, somatic)
Hallucinations (auditory, visual, tactile, gustatory, olfactory)

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8
Q

Grandiose Delusions

A

People who experience these delusions are convinced of their own greatness and importance

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9
Q

Nihilistic Delusions

A

characterized by the delusional belief of being dead, decomposed or annihilated, having lost one’s own internal organs or even not existing entirely as a human being

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10
Q

Persecutory Delusions

A

They strongly believe people or groups, like the government, intend to harm them

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11
Q

Somatic Delusions

A

the individual believes something is wrong with part or all of their body

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12
Q

Negative symptoms

A

Anhedonia – inability to experience pleasure
Alogia – reduced fluency in productivity of thought and speech
Anergia – abnormal lack of energy
Avolition – lack of motivation
Ambivalence – state of having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone (feeling stuck)
Affective disturbances – idea of having a blunted affect (inability to demonstrate affect)
Social withdrawal

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13
Q

Disorganized thinking (evident through speech)

A

Loosening of associations
Circumstantiality
Tangentiality
Thought blocking
Neologisms
Flight of ideas
Perseveration
Pressured speech
Word salad
Clang associations
Echolalia

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14
Q

Disorganized thinking (delusions)

A

Delusions of control
Bizarre delusions
Religious delusions
Depersonalization
Magical thinking

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15
Q

Disorganized behaviour

A

Agression
Agitation

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16
Q

Biologic sources of schizophrenia

A

Genetic predisposition
Dopaminergic dysfunction
Hypofrontality
Cognitive deficits
Immune dysfunction
Neuroanatomic changes

17
Q

Social sources of schizophrenia

A

Decreased financial status
Family and caregiver stress
Homelessness
Stigma and community isolation

18
Q

Psychological sources of schizophrenia

A

Difficulties in relating
Affective blunting (decreased emotional expression)
Difficulties with decision making
Self-concept change
Decreased stress response and coping
Loss of family relationship

19
Q

Spiritual sources of schizophrenia

A

Spiritual confusion as auditory hallucinations seem from a higher power
Delusions may be religiously oriented

20
Q

DSM 5

A

Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period (or less if successfully treated). At least one of these must be (1), (2), or (3)
1. delusions
2. hallucinations
3. disorganized thinking
4. disorganized behaviour
5. negative symptoms

  • Schizoaffective disorder, depressive disorder and bipolar disorder has been ruled out
  • not attributed to drugs
21
Q

Biological assessments

A

Current and past health history
Physical functioning
Nutritional assessment
Fluid imbalance assessment
Pharmacologic assessment

22
Q

Psychological assessments

A

Assess for positive and negative symptoms (standardized scales)
Mental Status Exam
Behavioural responses
Self-concept
Stress and coping patterns
Risk assessment

23
Q

Social assessments

A

Social systems
Quality of life – their perspective on it
Family assessment

24
Q

Biological diagnoses

A

Self-care deficit
Disturbed sleep patterns
Imbalanced nutrition
Excess fluid volume
Constipation
Sexual dysfunction

25
Q

Psychological diagnoses

A

Disturbed thought processes
Disturbed body image
Low self-esteem
Disturbed personal identity
Risk for violence
Ineffective coping
Knowledge deficit

26
Q

Social diagnoses

A

Impaired social interactions
Ineffective role performance
Disabled family coping
Interrupted family processes

27
Q

Biological interventions

A

Monitor medications
Minimize side effects
Decrease impact of movement disorders
Address immune function
Address nutritional status
Modify cognitive deficits
Address sleep

28
Q

Psychological interventions

A

Address social skills
Address problem-solving skills
Address self-concept
Increase stress management skills
Address symptom management and relapse prevention skills
Address family relationships

29
Q

Social interventions

A

Promote economic stability
Decrease family/caregiver stress
Provide family education
Maintain housing
Increase social contact

30
Q

Spiritual interventions

A

Guard dignity of patient
Support hope and meaning
Support helpful sacred activities

31
Q

What are the different types of health care professionals involved in the recovery process?

A

The most effective treatment approach for individuals with schizophrenia involves a variety of disciplines
Pharmacologic management is the responsibility of physicians, and nurses – all members of the mental health team can implement various psychological interventions

32
Q

What are side effects of antipsychotic meds?

A

Akathisia
Akinesia
Pseudo-parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia
NMS

33
Q

Akathisia

A

motor restlessness, inability to remain still, can also occur as a subjective feeling

34
Q

Akinesia

A

absence of movement or difficulty with movement

35
Q

Pseudo-parkinsonism

A

shuffling and slow gait; mask-like facial expressions; tremors; pill-rolling; movements of the hands; stooped posture; rigidity

36
Q

Tardive dyskinesia

A

involuntary and abnormal movements of the mouth, tongue, face, and jaw; may progress to the limbs, irreversible condition; may occur in months after discontinuation of antipsychotic medication

37
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

a potentially lethal side effect of antipsychotic medications that requires emergency treatment; manifested symtoms include: hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, tremors, change in mental state, tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, incontinence, creatinine phosphokinase elevation, leukoocytosis, metabolic acidosis

NURS 312 (5 decks)

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