Depression Flashcards
What is considered a mood?
Pervasive and sustained emotion that colours one’s perception of the world
What is a mood disorder?
Recurrent disturbances or alterations that cause psychological and behavioural impairment
What are the 2 categories of mood disorders?
1) depressive
2) manic
What is an affective disorder?
Fluctuations in mood that occur for a sustained period
What are the 4 types of affective disorders?
1) depressive
2) bipolar (I and II)
3) dysthymic
4) cyclothymic
What are some predisposing factors to depression?
Genetics
Aggression turned inward
Object loss theory: separation
Personality organization theory (external locus of control, goals not accomplished, lower self-concept, constant mode of feelings of emptiness, continuous stress)
Cognitive model (Negative thinking, tunnel vision, pessimism)
Learned hopelessness-helplessness model (have no control over own life)
Behavior model (decide to act negatively)
Biological model (hormones, endocrine systems, neurotransmitters)
What is the DSM 5 criteria for major depressive disorder?
Depressed mood/loss of interest or pleasure for at least 2 weeks WITH at least 4 symptoms:
1) significant weight loss
2) hypersomnia or insomnia
3) psychomotor agitation or slowness
4) fatigue or energy loss
5) difficulty concentrating
6) recurrent thoughts of death
What is dysthymic disorder?
Milder/chronic form of depression
Must be present for 2 yrs in adults and 1 yr in children
What is cyclothymic disorder?
Chronic fluctuations of depressive and hypomanic states
What are the reasons that depression is not always recognized?
It can present itself as tiredness or anger
Individuals hide it because “no one wants to be around someone who is sad all the time”
Individuals do not recognize it in themselves
We do not want to “see” depression after an individual experiences trauma
We want to help others and we often do not know how to help someone who is sad
What are priorities with nursing interventions for depression?
Reestablish sleep and nutrition
Provide structure for the day
Focus on realistic strengths
What are some tips for interventions?
Genuine positive feedback
Set time limits
Simple tasks and short interactions
What are a few treatment options?
Individual/family therapy; CBT; pharmacological therapy; education; ECT; phototherapy
