Schizophrenia

Question 1

Who coined the term ‘schizophrenia’?

Answer 1

Bleuler in 1911.

Question 2

What are common negative symptoms of SZ?

Answer 2

• Alogia (poverty of speech)
• Avolition (indifference)
• Anhedonia (a lack of pleasure)
• Flatness of affect
• Catatonia

Question 3

What does the diathesis-stress model suggest about SZ?

Answer 3

That unfavourable hereditary predispositions may interact with environmental stressors and life experiences, and that SZ can develop if the individual cannot locate sufficient support infrastructure.

Question 4

By 2050, how many people across the globe will be living in a city?

Answer 4

66%.

Question 5

What were some of the urban factors that Van Os suggested can make it easier to develop SZ?

Answer 5

• Higher chance of drug use
• High noise levels
• Higher chances of social interactions
• Higher risk of crime
• Higher variety in daily life
• Higher exposure to toxins
• Overcrowded conditions
• Less anonymity

Question 6

What did Faris and Dunham discover about Chicago in 1939?

Answer 6

Those living in the city centre had a higher chance of developing SZ than those on the city outskirts.

Question 7

What were the details of Jones’ longitudinal 1994 study?

Answer 7

Followed over 5,000 people born on the same March week in 1946 and found that 30 developed SZ. These 30 were more likely to have favoured solitary play as a child, and by 13 had rated themselves as less socially confident than their peers. This suggests that the link between isolation and SZ begins early.

Question 8

What did Mahy’s 1999 Caribbean study suggest?

Answer 8

That the Caribbean had no abnormal levels of SZ, suggesting that the rates in those of Afro-Caribbean descent in England were due to other factors, such as the stress of migration and social isolation.

Question 9

What did Boydell note in 2001 in regards to ethnic minorities?

Answer 9

That the rate of SZ in ethnic minorities had a negative correlation with the amount of ethnic minorities living in a specific area, suggesting that isolation is a major influence to the development of SZ.

Question 10

Why does the idea of urbanicity affecting SZ not hold temporal validity?

Answer 10

As cities transform, the poor flee and the rich move in, pushing those with higher stress levels out.