SCHIZOPHRENIA Flashcards
1
Q
Differences between ICD-10 and DSM?
A
- Both used to classify mental disorders
- DSM requires only ONE POSITIVE SYMPTOM whereas ICD-10 requires TWO NEGATIVE symptoms
- ICD also acknowledges the different types of schizophrenia whereas DSM doesn’t
2
Q
What are positive symptoms?
A
- additional experiences
- Hallucinations; hearing voices; seeing people
- Delusions; irrational beliefs; delusions of persecution/grandeur
3
Q
What are negative symptoms?
A
- loss of usual abilities
- Avolition; lack of motivation; no energy; lack of hygiene
- Speech poverty; delay in verbal responses
4
Q
RELIABILITY OF ICD-10 AND DSM?
A
CHENIAUX ET AL (2009)
- low interrater reliability
- 26 DSM and 44 ICD
- 13 DSM and 24 ICD
- ICD tends to overdiagnose and DSM underdiagnose
5
Q
VALIDITY OF ICD AND DSM?
A
- criterion validity = do different assessments arrive at same diagnosis for same person?
- schizophrenia diagnosis has low validity due to differences in diagnosis rate in iCD AND DSM ( Cheniaux et al )
6
Q
Evaluation: Co-Morbidity
A
- Co-Morbidity is when two or more conditions occur together
BUCKLEY ET AL (2009)
- around 50% of schizophrenics are also diagnosed with depression (50%), substance abuse (47%), PTSD (29%), OCD (23%)
7
Q
Evaluation: Cultural bias
A
African Americans and those of Afro-Caribbean descent are more likely to be diagnosed than their white counterparts but diagnostic rates in Africa and the West Indies is low - Western over diagnosis is a result of cultural norms and the diagnosis lacks validity.
8
Q
Evaluation: Gender Bias
A
LONGENECKER ET AL (2010)
- more men diagnosed than women
- men more genetically vulnerable
COTTON ET AL
- women function better than men
- women may mask their symptoms
- under diagnosed