SCHIZOPHRENIA Flashcards

1
Q

Differences between ICD-10 and DSM?

A
  • Both used to classify mental disorders
  • DSM requires only ONE POSITIVE SYMPTOM whereas ICD-10 requires TWO NEGATIVE symptoms
  • ICD also acknowledges the different types of schizophrenia whereas DSM doesn’t
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2
Q

What are positive symptoms?

A
  • additional experiences
  • Hallucinations; hearing voices; seeing people
  • Delusions; irrational beliefs; delusions of persecution/grandeur
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3
Q

What are negative symptoms?

A
  • loss of usual abilities
  • Avolition; lack of motivation; no energy; lack of hygiene
  • Speech poverty; delay in verbal responses
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4
Q

RELIABILITY OF ICD-10 AND DSM?

A

CHENIAUX ET AL (2009)

  • low interrater reliability
  • 26 DSM and 44 ICD
  • 13 DSM and 24 ICD
  • ICD tends to overdiagnose and DSM underdiagnose
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5
Q

VALIDITY OF ICD AND DSM?

A
  • criterion validity = do different assessments arrive at same diagnosis for same person?
  • schizophrenia diagnosis has low validity due to differences in diagnosis rate in iCD AND DSM ( Cheniaux et al )
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6
Q

Evaluation: Co-Morbidity

A
  • Co-Morbidity is when two or more conditions occur together

BUCKLEY ET AL (2009)
- around 50% of schizophrenics are also diagnosed with depression (50%), substance abuse (47%), PTSD (29%), OCD (23%)

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7
Q

Evaluation: Cultural bias

A

African Americans and those of Afro-Caribbean descent are more likely to be diagnosed than their white counterparts but diagnostic rates in Africa and the West Indies is low - Western over diagnosis is a result of cultural norms and the diagnosis lacks validity.

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8
Q

Evaluation: Gender Bias

A

LONGENECKER ET AL (2010)

  • more men diagnosed than women
  • men more genetically vulnerable

COTTON ET AL

  • women function better than men
  • women may mask their symptoms
  • under diagnosed
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