SCHIZOPHRENIA

Question 1

Differences between ICD-10 and DSM?

Answer 1

• Both used to classify mental disorders
• DSM requires only ONE POSITIVE SYMPTOM whereas ICD-10 requires TWO NEGATIVE symptoms
• ICD also acknowledges the different types of schizophrenia whereas DSM doesn’t

Question 2

What are positive symptoms?

Answer 2

• additional experiences
• Hallucinations; hearing voices; seeing people
• Delusions; irrational beliefs; delusions of persecution/grandeur

Question 3

What are negative symptoms?

Answer 3

• loss of usual abilities
• Avolition; lack of motivation; no energy; lack of hygiene
• Speech poverty; delay in verbal responses

Question 4

RELIABILITY OF ICD-10 AND DSM?

Answer 4

CHENIAUX ET AL (2009)

• low interrater reliability
• 26 DSM and 44 ICD
• 13 DSM and 24 ICD
• ICD tends to overdiagnose and DSM underdiagnose

Question 5

VALIDITY OF ICD AND DSM?

Answer 5

• criterion validity = do different assessments arrive at same diagnosis for same person?
• schizophrenia diagnosis has low validity due to differences in diagnosis rate in iCD AND DSM ( Cheniaux et al )

Question 6

Evaluation: Co-Morbidity

Answer 6

• Co-Morbidity is when two or more conditions occur together

BUCKLEY ET AL (2009)
- around 50% of schizophrenics are also diagnosed with depression (50%), substance abuse (47%), PTSD (29%), OCD (23%)

Question 7

Evaluation: Cultural bias

Answer 7

African Americans and those of Afro-Caribbean descent are more likely to be diagnosed than their white counterparts but diagnostic rates in Africa and the West Indies is low - Western over diagnosis is a result of cultural norms and the diagnosis lacks validity.

Question 8

Evaluation: Gender Bias

Answer 8

LONGENECKER ET AL (2010)

• more men diagnosed than women
• men more genetically vulnerable

COTTON ET AL

• women function better than men
• women may mask their symptoms
• under diagnosed