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PCL200 > Schizophrenia > Flashcards

Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

What is Schizophrenia

A

debilitating psychotic illness, difficulty perceiving reality

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2
Q

Most well-known symptoms of schizophrenia

A 
Hallucinations
- auditory
- visual
Delusions
- paranoia
- grandiose
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3
Q

Positive symptoms definition, examples of schizophrenia

A

behaviours not normal in healthy people

  • disorganized speech
  • disorganized flow, the content of thoughts
  • an absence of goal-oriented behaviours
  • nonsensical rhymes, neologism
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4
Q

Negative symptoms, def., examples

A

loss of normal behaviours found in healthy people

  • social withdrawal
  • flattened mood
  • cognitive impairments, memory, function
  • usually comorbidities
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5
Q

What % of the worlds population is affected?

A

1%

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6
Q

What factors contribute to risk?

A

Genetics

Environment

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7
Q

Which pair would imply more heritability, fraternal or identical twins?

A

Identical twins, 50-80% concordance

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8
Q

When is it usually onset?

A

early adulthood
men, 18-20
women, 24-30

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9
Q

Environmental factors

A 
Maternal infection
maternal starvation
obstetric complications 
cat feces, glondii
low socioeconomic status
urbanicity 
drug abuse 
physical/psychological trauma, childhood
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10
Q

historical treatments of schizophrenia

A 
institutionalized
induced seizure
induced hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels)
frontal lobotomy 
sedatives, barbiturates
psychotherapy
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11
Q

first antipsychotic?

A

chlorpromazine

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12
Q

MOA of chlorpromazine

A

D2 anatagonist

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13
Q

Screening method for drugs developed right after chlorpromazine

A

motor impairing drugs, if they did not, they were not pursued

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14
Q

Traits of typical APS

A

motor impairment

D2 antagonists

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15
Q

Traits of atypical APS

A

do not act as much on D2, but on 5HT

could have dual action

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15
Q

Traits of atypical APS

A

do not act as much on D2, but on 5HT

could have dual action

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16
Q

rational drug development, schizophrenia

A

drugs that act on D2, 5HT

17
Q

Name typical APS

A

Chlorpromazine

Haloperidol

18
Q

Name atypical APS

A

clozapine
risperidone
olanzapine

19
Q

Why do typical APS impair motor function?

A

blocking D2, dopamine facilitates movement

20
Q

What is anhedonia

A

reduced or inability to feel pleasure, especially from things you would normally enjoy

21
Q

Reproductive hormone effects

A 
D2 in the pituitary gland
prolactin increase
men and women lactate
men, breast development
women, prevents menstruation
22
Q

What is the most effective treatment for schizophrenia currently?

A

clozapine, atypical

23
Q

a rare side effect of clozapine?

A

loss of white blood cells

24
Q

MOA of clozapine

A

antagonist fo 5HT,

25
Q

what drug led to rational drug development and what was it?

A

clozapine

drugs that block D2 or 5HT

26
Q

What are the other atypical APS, that are usually prescribed first?

A

risperidone
aripiprazole
(olanzapine)

27
Q

side effects of atypical

A

metabolic syndrome
weight gain
type 2 diabetes
risks of heart disease

28
Q

Efficacy of APS

A

can treat positive symptoms, limited for negative symptoms

29
Q

what drug is the exception when it comes to treating negative symptoms?

A

clozapine

30
Q

what fraction of patients arent helped by APS

A

1/3

31
Q

“treatment resistant”

A

showing no results after trying 2-3 different APS

32
Q

Dual action APS

A

risperidone

olanzapine

33
Q

the ratio of men to women affected?

A

1.4:1

34
Q

How much does genetics play a role?

A

80%

35
Q

avolition

A

decreased motivation, no motivation

36
Q

what drug effects were they looking for prior to to making chlorpromazine

A

reduced antihistamine enhanced sedative properties

37
Q

anti-emetic properties

A

anti-nausea and vomiting

38
Q

clozapine and catalepsy

A

catalepsy, involuntary movement

clozapine was effective without inducing catalespy

39
Q

1st generation APS, typical side effects

A

motor-impairment/parkinsons/extrapyramidal
hormonal effects
tardive dyskinesia (involuntary neurological movement)

40
Q

new ideas about schizophrenia

A 
not one gene changed in every patient 
umbrella diagnosis
thoughts:
- rare mutation
- several risk genes

PCL200 (2 decks)

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