SCHIZOPHRENIA Flashcards
Is the diagnosis of schizophrenia more common in men or women
Men
What is the medical approach for classification
- identify symptoms that go together
- this will make the correct disorder
How do you make a diagnosis
- identify symptoms and use classification system to identify the disorder
What does the classification DSM-5 mean
one positive symptom
What does the classification ICD-10
Two negative symptoms
Name 2 positive symptoms and state what they are
- hallucinations- unusual sensory experiences, maybe distortion of reality
- Delusions- beliefs not based on reality, bizarre behavior
Name and desrcibe 2 negative symptoms
- speech poverty- reduced amount and poor quality of speech
2. Avolition- loss of motivation/ low activity
What did Osorio prove
proved good reliability of the classification model.
- inter rate relaibilty 97%
- test retest 92%
what does co-morbity mean
the presence of one or more additional conditions often co-occurring with a primary condition
define symptom overlap
the symptoms for 2 or more disorders that overlap making it more difficult to make a diagnosis
What is family therapy and how does it work
- reduces negative emotions- reduces expressed emotions and anger and guilt which prevents relapse
- improves families ability to help- therapeutic alliance, understanding of schizophrenia
What are the 7 stages of Family therapy
- share info
- identify resource
- learn mutual understanding
- indentify unhelpful patterns of interaction
- skills training
- release prevention
- maintenance
Name an evaluation point of family therapy
- effective- relapse rate down 50-60%
- benefits to whole family- strengthens families ability to support
Describe CBT
- cognitive behavioral therapy
- 5-20 sessions of CBT, individually or in groups deals with thoughts (delusions) and behaviors
How does CBT help
- therapist helps client make sense of symptom
- normalization used to reduce anxiety and reality testing to challenge delusions
State 2 evaluation points of CBT
- effective- studies reviewed showed positive and negative symptoms improved
- Quality of evidence- different studies focus on different CBT techniques so not sure which one may particularly help clients
Who was gottesman
- said that risk of schizophrenia increases with genetic similarity to someone with the condition. 2% for aunt, 9% for siblings
What did Ripke say
- 108 genetic variations each slightly increase the risk of schizophrenia
what are candidate genes
- individual genes are believed to be associated with risk of inheritance.
- SZ is polygenic, requires a number of factors to work in combination therefor suggesting SZ is not just genetic
What did tienari state
Investigated adoption studies and these shows heightened risk from biological parents.
What is the Dopamine Hypothesis
- brain chemical messengers appear to work differently in the brain of patient of SZ
- high level of dopamine in subcortex which is responsible for speech production or auditory hallucinations
What is a strength of the dopamine hypothesis
- treat via antipyscotic drugs
- curran found antipyscotics and amphetamies increase dopamine levels
- too much dopamine= SZ
What is a negative of the dopamine hypothesis
- cannot claim cause and effect because only positive correlation
- Healy said pharmacies promoted as they would receive huge profits from it
What is the double bind theory
contradictory family communication, child cant win. not a cause just risk factor
