ISSUES AND DEBATES Flashcards
1
Q
DESRIBE FREE WILL
A
- the notion that we have choice over our own behaviour
- most of us consider that our behaviour and thoughts are of our own volition and that we are free to make decisions we make and have control over our actions
2
Q
DESCRIBE DETERMINISM
A
- that our behaviour and actions, even some of our thoughts can be determined by other internal or external factors
3
Q
DESCRIBE SOFT DETERMINISM
A
- Aknowledges that some form of free will is present (partly but not fully controlled internally)
- recognises that there are often factors such as role models that have influence
4
Q
DESCRIBE HARD DETERMINISM
A
- proposes that free will is an illusion, this suggests humans are governed by forces over which we have have no influence
5
Q
DEFINE ENVIORONMENTAL DETERMINISM
A
- says all our behaviour is determined by the environment and external influences such as our parents
6
Q
DEFINE BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM
A
- suggests human behaviour is determined by our biology in particular our genes and chemicals in our brain
7
Q
DEFINE PSYCIC DETERMINISM
A
- believes behaviour is controlled by unconscious fears and desires from traumatic past experiences and events
8
Q
WHAT IS THE SCIENTIFIC EMPHASIS ON CAUSUAL EXPLANATIONS
A
- Psycology as a science uses methods from natural sciences to explain causes of human behaviour and thought. in order to do this psychologists must
- generate a theory or hypothesis where cause and effect can be established
- use empirical methods such as laboratory experiments to test the hypothesis
- apply statistical analysis to see if their prediction is statistically significant
9
Q
WHAT ARE 2 POSITIVES OF THE FREE WILL OR DETERMINISM DEBATE
A
- FREE WILL emphasises the individual as resposible for behaviour
- the deterministic approach tries to predict behaviour under scientific conditions
10
Q
WHAT ARE 2 NEGATIVES OF THE FREE WILL OR DETERMINISM DEBATE
A
- free will means that behaviour cannot be be predicted or objectively measured
- determinism leaves us with no responsibility for our own actions
11
Q
DESRCIBE THE IDIOGRAPHIC APPROACH
A
- studying a particular individual
- data generated is detailed and extensive
- uses methods such as the case study to investigate the individual
- useful in making new areas of research
- uses qualitative methods, such as thematic analysis
12
Q
DESCRIBE THE NOMATHETIC APPROACH
A
- testing a large sample
- would generate a large amount of data
- sample should be representative of the larger poulation such as through random sampling
- tends to use the experimental method or correlation process
- analysis of data uses quantative methods such as statistical
- general laws can be generated
13
Q
WHATS A POSITIVE OF THE IDIOGRAPHIC APPROACH
A
- detail is rich and often prompts ideas for further research
14
Q
WHATS A NEGATIVE OF THE IDIOGRAPHIC APPROACH
A
- research findings that are carried out on a single person lack population validity because of their uniqueness and cannot be generalised
15
Q
WHATS A POSITIVE OF THE NOMATHETIC APPROACH
A
- detail gathered from a nomathetic approach is vast and enables researchers to generalise fidnings to the poulation
16
Q
WHATS A NEGATIVE OF THE NOMATHETIC APPROACH
A
- because one size does not fit all, some explanations are not appropriate because of the individual differences
16
Q
IG
A
IG
17
Q
WHAT IS SOCIALLY SENSATIVE RESEARCH
A
- research that could have costs for the participants- directly or indirectly or for the people or group they represent
18
Q
WHY CAN RESEARCH BE SOCIALLY SENSETIVE
A
- the research questions
- treatments of participants
- the institutional context
- interpretation and use of findings
19
Q
WHATS AN EXAMPLE OF SOCIALLY SENSETIVE RESEARCH
A
- research carried out to explain mental illness and their potential cause may have a huge impact on the people affected by these disorders
e. g Raine (1996) - study on the killer brain is considered socially sensetive as it is suggested children could be indentified as having a predisposition to violent behaviour
20
Q
WHATS 2 NEGATIVES OF ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS
A
- Its not always possible to anticipate effects of research on a group, difficult to judge weather or not research can be carried out
- guidelines are not always objectively decided as ultimately decisions makers interpret them in respect of each piece of research presented for consideration, therefor subjective interpretation may be present
21
Q
WHATS 2 POSITIVES OF ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS
A
- SCARR (1988) suggested that regardless of outcome there was duty for psycologists to carry out ssr as it could be important in raising awareness
- ARONSON (1992) said that stopping research because of its sensitivity is taking a backwards step, he suggested its better for people to get educated about senetive topics rather than shy away from them
